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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2007 / ib / Paper 4 / 9C / ii

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Mathematics course of the University of Cambridge Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 ib Paper 4 9C
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ii
Let Ti+​=inf{n≥1:Xn​=i} be the first positive return time. A recurrent state is one for which
Pi​(Ti+​<∞)=1.​
(1)
The subscript means that the Markov chain starts at i. The positive-time condition distinguishes a genuine return from the automatic visit at time zero.

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