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Mathematics course of the University of Cambridge

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge

2010

Paper 4

The <grand canonical partition function> is
$$
\mathcal Z(T,\mu)=\sum_i e^{-(E_i-\mu N_i)/(kT)}.
$$
The probabilities in part (i) and their logarithms give
$$
\boxed{k\log\mathcal Z=S-\frac ET+\frac{\mu N}{T}.}
$$
At fixed volume and fixed $\mu$, differentiate the partition sum:
$$
\partial_T\log\mathcal Z=\frac{E-\mu N}{kT^2}.
$$
Combining with the preceding identity yields
$$
\boxed{\left.\frac{\partial}{\partial T}(kT\log\mathcal Z)\right|_\mu=S.}
$$
The variable held fixed is essential; this is the grand canonical derivative.

Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2010 / ii / Paper 4 / 34C / iii / Solution

Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2010 / ii / Paper 4 / 34C / iii / Solution

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Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2010 / ii / Paper 4 / 34C / iii / Solution

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