Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2014 / ib / Paper 2 / 5D / ii / Solution

The endpoint agreement $f(1)=f(0)=0$ makes the boundary terms vanish when integrating the Fourier coefficients of $f^{\prime }$ by parts. If $a_n^{\prime },b_n^{\prime }$ denote these coefficients, thenThese are exactly the coefficients obtained by differentiating the preceding Fourier series:On every compact subinterval of $(0,1)$ the differentiated series converges uniformly by the Dirichlet test, since partial sums of the sine factors are uniformly bounded there. The Termwise differentiation of a Fourier series is therefore valid away from integers and gives $1-2x$ on $(0,1)$. At an integer the periodic original has a corner, so the differentiated series is not asserting the existence of an ordinary derivative there.