The extension group consists of equivalence classes of short exact sequences , with the zero class represented by a split sequence and addition given by the Baer sum. The extension complex of quiver representations gives
The printed map has , so its kernel is and its cokernel is . Reversing the overall differential sign changes neither identification.
For dimension vectors , the Ringel form is
The first expression makes its dependence only on the dimension vectors explicit.
For the one-loop representation with loop scalar , on . Both cochain spaces have dimension one, so , for every . Concretely, a self-extension has loop matrix , with the extension parameter.

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