Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2017 / ii / Paper 2 / 34D / a

Here $p(n)$ is the probability of microstate $n$, including all occupation data. In the grand canonical ensemble, with energy $E_n$, particle number $N_n$, chemical potential $\mu$ and $T>0$,Substitution in the Gibbs entropy gives $S=k\log \mathcal{Z}+(U-\mu N)/T$, where $U=⟨E⟩$ and $N=⟨N_n⟩$. Differentiating at fixed $\mu ,V$ gives ${\partial }_T\log \mathcal{Z}=(U-\mu N)/(k{T}^2)$. Therefore