Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2018 / iii / Paper 141 / 2 / b

Insert a kink on any component of an oriented link diagram for $L$. Switching the kink's crossing gives another link diagram of $L$; its oriented smoothing separates off a small unknot in a ball disjoint from the rest of $L$. The skein relation therefore givesCancel the nonzero factor $q^{1/2}-q^{-1/2}$ in the Laurent polynomial ring to obtain