Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2018 / iii / Paper 309 / 2 / ii

Let $D_{abc}={\nabla }_a{\nabla }_b{K}_c$. Differentiating the Killing equation gives $D_{abc}=-D_{acb}$. For a covector, the Ricci identity isCall this difference $C_{abc}$. The differentiated Killing equation then givesTaking the first minus the second plus the third yieldsThe pair symmetries of the Riemann curvature tensor and the first Bianchi identity reduce the coefficient to $2R_{cbad}$. Therefore the second covariant derivative of a Killing vector is

For an affine parameter $\lambda$ on a geodesic, its tangent obeys $V^b{\nabla }_b{V}^a=0$. ThusThe second term vanishes by the geodesic equation; the first contracts a symmetric product $V^a{V}^b$ with the antisymmetric derivative from the Killing equation. This establishes the geodesic conserved quantity from a Killing vector: