Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2019 / iii / Paper 107 / 2 / ii

The weak maximum principle for elliptic operators here statesfor $u\in C^2(\Omega )\cap C^0(\overline{\Omega })$.

To prove it, suppose the interior maximum exceeds the boundary maximum. Put $q(x)=e^{-\ell x_1}$. Since $c=0$,For sufficiently small $\epsilon >0$, $u_{\epsilon }=u+\epsilon q$ still has an interior maximum. At that point its gradient vanishes and its Hessian matrix is negative semidefinite; ellipticity gives $L{u}_{\epsilon }\le 0$. But $L{u}_{\epsilon }=Lu+\epsilon Lq>0$, a contradiction. This proves the principle.