Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 1 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge / 2020 / Paper 1 / 11 / a / ii

Powers of the imaginary unit repeat in blocks $i,-1,-i,1$, each with sum zero. The first $44$ terms comprise eleven complete blocks; the last is $i^{45}=i$. Applying Euler's formula to the resulting complex exponential gives $e^i=\cos 1+i\sin 1$. HenceThe angles here are in radians.