Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 2 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge / 2013 / Paper 2 / 4 / i / Solution

The only possible singularity of $f(z)/(z-z_0)$ inside the contour is at $z_0$, with residue $f(z_0)$. It is at most a simple pole; when $f(z_0)=0$, it is removable. Thus the residue theorem gives the Cauchy integral formula,for a counterclockwise simple contour containing $z_0$ once, with $f$ analytic on a neighbourhood of the contour and its interior. More generally the answer is $2\pi i\mathrm{Ind}(C,z_0)f(z_0)$, where the winding number accounts for multiple turns or reversed orientation. A clockwise simple contour has the opposite sign.