Past exam of the mathematics course of the year 2 of the natural sciences course of the University of Cambridge / 2018 / Paper 1 / 8 / c / Solution

For $n\ge 1$, the coefficient of $x^{n+\sigma }$ isFactoring the bracket gives the recurrence relationFor $\sigma =1/2$ this is $a_n=-a_{n-1}/[n(2n-1)]$. Iteration and $(2n)!=2^{n}n!(2n-1)!!$ yieldFor $\sigma =1$, the recurrence is $a_n=-a_{n-1}/[n(2n+1)]$, givingHere the double factorial products are one at $n=0$, consistent with the chosen normalization. Recognizing the cosine and sine power series, for positive $x$ one may also write the two Frobenius solutions asThe constants multiplying the two independent solutions may be chosen separately.