TODO: Biology deferred at the user's request: clinical registration applications and their validation requirements.
Generic image registration estimates a coordinate transformation aligning corresponding features in two images. A rigid transform permits translation and rotation, an affine transform additionally permits linear deformation, and a nonrigid model permits spatially varying displacement. The transformation class expresses assumptions about what changes between the acquisitions.
One can minimize a discrepancy between and , using interpolated image values and an explicit optimization procedure. Squared intensity differences suit some comparable acquisitions; mutual information can compare statistical dependence when image contrasts differ. Landmarks, feature descriptors or additional geometric constraints provide other information. Smoothness or other regularization controls overly flexible transformations. A favorable objective value does not by itself prove correct feature correspondence.
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