True. A named software design pattern supplies shared vocabulary for recurring arrangements of responsibilities and interactions. Saying “observer” can identify subject registration and callbacks without first reproducing every implementation detail, provided developers still agree on the actual contract.
False as a general claim. An appropriately chosen software design pattern can make expected variation easier: a new strategy or decorator can be supplied through an existing object interface. An unnecessary pattern can add indirection and make some changes harder, so applying one is not an automatic guarantee of flexibility either.
True. A small proof-of-concept implementation makes the participants, delegation, and extension points of a software design pattern concrete. Trying a second strategy, an extra decorator, or another observer tests what changes locally and what assumptions remain. This supports learning when the arrangement is useful; it does not establish that every production system needs it.
True. Refactoring an existing implementation toward a software design pattern can be preferable once repeated structure and actual variation are visible. Existing behavior supplies a concrete contract to preserve, and tests can check that preservation. Starting from a pattern is appropriate when its problem is already established, but the pattern's name alone is not evidence that its extra structure is needed.
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