Choose distinct fresh variables . Instantiate the outer universal quantifier first, then the inner one; generalize them in the opposite order.Neither nor occurs free in the sole undischarged premise. Thus both universal introduction steps satisfy the eigenvariable condition.
1. ∀x ∀y P(x,y) premise
2. ∀y P(a,y) ∀E, 1
3. P(a,b) ∀E, 2
4. ∀x P(x,b) ∀I, 3, generalizing a
5. ∀y ∀x P(x,y) ∀I, 4, generalizing b Articles by others on the same topic
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