A covariant type parameter preserves subtyping: if , then PartialFn[T,A] <: PartialFn[T,B] when its second parameter is covariant. In Scala the class annotation is +U. A mapping that produces a narrower output can be used where a broader output is expected. Covariance describes a type relationship; it does not convert stored values or make mutation through a widened reference safe.[ref]

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