A polarimeter uses polarizers to compare the direction of linear polarization before and after light passes through a sample; polarimetry explains the apparatus, readout and controls.
An angular polarimeter associated with Jean-Baptiste Biot, measuring the rotation produced by a sugar solution of known optical path length. The original form used a black-glass polarizing mirror and a calcite analyser; it should not be conflated with a later quartz-wedge compensating instrument.[ref]
A polarimeter analyzer is the rotatable final polarizer. Comparing its transmission maximum or extinction minimum with the corresponding blank reading measures the sample's optical rotation.

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