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Giovanni Jona-Lasinio and Yoichiro Nambu proposed a dynamical model of particle mass inspired by superconductivity. A nonlinear four-fermion interaction produces a self-consistent massive fermionic state, analogous to the gap in a superconductor. The model also produces a massless pseudoscalar bound state in its symmetry limit, interpreted as an idealized pion. It demonstrates how both a massive constituent-like excitation and a light collective mode can arise from one interacting theory.^[ref]

A physicist working in mathematical physics.^[ref]