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Incoming links: Professional profile of Ivar Giaever
Ivar Giaever Created 2026-10-18 Updated 2026-11-05
Ivar Giaever used electron tunnelling through a thin insulating barrier to measure the superconducting energy gap. The available electronic states on either side determine which tunnelling processes contribute at a given voltage. A gap suppresses low-energy current, so the current-voltage curve becomes a spectroscopic probe of the superconducting state. Following the feature with temperature connects an electrical measurement with a microscopic excitation energy, rather than merely demonstrating low resistance.[ref]
Energy Gap in Superconductors Measured by Electron Tunneling by Ivar Giaever. Physical Review Letters 5, 147 (1960), tunnelling measurement of the excitation gap
A physicist.[ref]
Professional profile of Ivar Giaever. Independent professional profile
[ref]https://archives.rpi.edu/institute-history/commencement-speakers-honorary-degree-recipients?page=5. Independent professional profile
Portrait of Ivar Giaever
. Bruce Sampson / NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet; 12 March 2010; existing Commons crop by TommyG. CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons. Source.