Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 31 1 iv Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Write and expand it by permutations. The assumptions ensure that the indicated single-variable integrals exist; the finite-rank projection kernel constructed above satisfies them with . No symmetry of a general kernel is needed for the following argument.
If a permutation fixes , its product contains the separate factor . Integration gives times the term of the corresponding permutation of . These terms contribute .
Otherwise belongs to a longer permutation cycle. Let precede and let follow it. The only factors containing are , whose integral is by the reproducing assumption. Delete from the cycle to obtain a permutation on letters. Inserting back after any of the possible letters reconstructs exactly one permutation; its sign of a permutation is , since increasing a cycle length by one reverses its sign. Thus the nonfixed terms contribute .
Combining these two disjoint classes proves projection kernel determinant integration:For , use the empty determinant , and the statement is precisely the assumed diagonal integral. For our kernel, orthonormality directly yieldsso every step of the marginal integration is justified.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 31 1 v Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
For , the correlation function of a point process associated with the eigenvalues isThe factorial factor counts ordered selections of distinct eigenvalues, so this is a factorial moment density, rather than the ordinary probability density of particular labels. Equivalently, for a nonnegative measurable test function ,Repeated projection kernel determinant integration, with , gives a factor on integrating an -by- kernel determinant down to size . Together with the normalizing in , the factors cancel:In particular and . Set and for . The eigenvalue configuration is thus a determinantal point process with a rank- finite-rank projection kernel.