Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2025 iii Paper 144 3 a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Use the finite-partial-isomorphism criterion for quantifier elimination. Let and let be an isomorphism between finite suborders. For , its position relative to is one of the finitely many open intervals determined by , or one of the two exterior rays. The corresponding interval or ray determined by is nonempty because the orders are dense and have no endpoints. Choose there. Then remains a partial order isomorphism.
The same argument extends in the other direction. The back-and-forth method criterion therefore applies, proving quantifier elimination for dense linear orders without endpoints. Hence DLO eliminates quantifiers.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2026 iii Paper 144 1 c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Every finite partial isomorphism between models of extends by one point. If the new point belongs to a class already represented in the domain, choose an unused point in the corresponding target class. Otherwise choose an unused point in the other target class. Both classes are infinite, so the choice is always possible. The back-and-forth method shows that tuples with the same quantifier-free type have the same complete type. Therefore has quantifier elimination.