At quadratic order, for . Solving the linear equation for gives the displayed expression. If , the ultraviolet limit is zero and the infrared limit is . Initial data above reach a Landau pole at a finite ultraviolet scale. The interacting value is the Wilson-Fisher fixed point along the quartic coupling direction; the full scalar theory also has a thermal relevant direction at the Wilson-Fisher fixed point, so a critical infrared limit requires mass tuning.
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