For radial light rays, the transformed metric gives
The two families of radial null trajectories in ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates are therefore
for ingoing rays and
for outgoing rays.
Now set . Along ingoing rays,
Along outgoing rays,
and integration gives
Thus the ingoing rays are straight lines of slope in the - plane. Outgoing rays have positive slope outside , become vertical as they approach the horizon, and have negative slope inside it; the horizon itself is the limiting outgoing null ray.
Write , and , so . The ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates use to label ingoing radial light fronts. Substituting into the Schwarzschild metric gives
The radial block has determinant even at ; its coefficients have no horizon divergence. The apparent singularity of Schwarzschild time at the future horizon is therefore a coordinate failure. The physical curvature singularity at remains.
The radial null trajectories in ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates have
The ingoing family crosses the future horizon smoothly. The outgoing family has zero outward radial coordinate speed at the horizon and decreasing radius inside it; both future null directions then lead toward smaller radius. These advanced coordinates cover the exterior and future black-hole horizon, rather than simultaneously regularizing the past white-hole horizon. Their null time coordinate is not a clock reading of a stationary observer.
Figure 1.
Original future light-cone schematic in regular advanced Schwarzschild coordinates, using vertical coordinate cv minus r
. Details.
Write and . The Schwarzschild tortoise coordinate satisfies and can be chosen as . Define the advanced time . Substituting into the Schwarzschild metric gives the ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates form
The coefficients are regular at and the radial-block determinant is , so the exterior Schwarzschild-time divergence is a coordinate singularity at the future event horizon. The physical curvature singularity at remains.
The two families of radial null trajectories in ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates obey
Outside the event horizon, the outgoing family increases ; at the horizon it generates the horizon itself; inside, even the outgoing future-directed family decreases . An infaller crosses the future horizon at finite and finite proper time. The chart makes this causal geometry visible without mistaking Schwarzschild coordinate time for the infaller's clock.
Figure 1.
Radial null rays in advanced Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates
. Original plot of ingoing rays and outgoing rays in dimensionless units. Arrows indicate the future direction. Both families move toward smaller areal radius inside the Schwarzschild event horizon; this is an uncompactified coordinate diagram. Details.