Shortening accommodated by a hanging wall moving up relative to the footwall. The centre of its dip-slip focal mechanism is compressional under the usual lower-hemisphere convention. Low-angle reverse faulting is commonly called thrust faulting.
A fault on which the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall, accommodating shortening. A low-angle reverse fault is a thrust fault. The fault dip is a geometric property and should be distinguished from the direction of fault slip.
A low-angle reverse fault. Near-surface splays may accompany either a surface-breaking or a blind main rupture.
A mechanically weak detachment along which an overlying package can move relative to its substrate. A décollement can follow weak bedding and connect to steeper thrust ramps, so its orientation need not equal the optimum dip for a new fracture in homogeneous rock.
A reverse fault dipping oppositely to the dominant thrust system and accommodating part of its shortening.
A fault with reverse slip whose upper tip remains beneath the ground surface. It can deform the overburden through folding, localized fold scarps, and secondary faults.
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