Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 204 3 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
Let be the event that the origin has an open graph path to the boundary of . The graph path can be stopped on its first boundary visit, so depends on only finitely many sites. Its probability is a finite sum of terms , and is therefore a continuous function of . Also , and the König infinity lemma gives . By continuity from above of a measure,The monotone coupling of Bernoulli percolation described below shows that is nondecreasing. For , its right limit of a function exists and is at least . For every fixed ,Taking the infimum in proves . This proves right continuity of percolation probability throughout ; at right continuity is understood relative to the parameter domain. The argument does not interchange two uncontrolled limits.
Independent site percolation and bond percolation on the cubic lattice have continuous percolation probability on . Fix and an intermediate . By uniqueness of the infinite percolation cluster, every origin in the infinite -cluster has a finite -open graph path to the infinite -cluster. In the uniform-label monotone coupling of Bernoulli percolation, the finitely many labels on this graph path are strictly below fixed almost surely, so it persists at some parameter below . The coupled onset parameter for origin percolation has no attained atom there, giving left continuity, including at . Combine this with right continuity of percolation probability.