At order , charged-scalar particle-antiparticle scattering has annihilation and photon exchange. For the convention and incoming momenta , outgoing , its amplitude isEqual external masses turn the numerators into and . The scalar electrodynamics three-point vertex gives conserved currents, allowing the Coulomb-gauge propagator between conserved currents identity to replace each propagator by the covariant one. The seagull vertex has only two scalar legs and does not give a four-scalar tree at this order.
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