Spin injection and spin accumulation in all-metal mesoscopic spin valves by F. J. Jedema and others (2003, 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.085319)

The research distinguishes local magnetic-electrode signals from nonlocal spin accumulation using multi-terminal lateral metal devices. The arXiv preprint was submitted in 2002; the journal article is Physical Review B 67, 085319 (2003).