Let a separable polynomial of degree four be irreducible over a field . If all three pair sums , , and lie in , its Galois group is the Klein four-group. Indeed , and similarly the other pair sums differ. Every Galois automorphism therefore fixes each of the three partitions into pairs. The kernel of this action of on three partitions is . Irreducibility gives a transitive group action on the four roots, so the orbit-stabilizer theorem forces to divide the group order. Hence the Galois group equals . The argument also works in characteristic two.
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