A major input structure of the basal ganglia, with cortical inputs and dopaminergic modulation. Distinct circuits contribute to action selection and learning; a functional actor-critic analogy does not establish a universal anatomical partition into one actor and one critic.
A striatal nucleus participating in motor and learning-related circuits. Its interaction with cortical timing systems is relevant to hypotheses about fluent speech, but a connectivity difference does not by itself establish a cause of stuttering.
A striatal nucleus participating in corticostriatal circuits. Reduced volume in affected members of the KE family correlates with aspects of speech-related performance, without isolating a single causal mediator of the phenotype.[ref]
MRI analysis of an inherited speech and language disorder: structural brain abnormalities by Kate Watkins and others. Brain 125, 465–478; affected/unaffected KE-family members, matched controls, VBM and caudate volumetry
A ventral striatal region receiving dopamine projections. Local transmitter release can vary differently from activity recorded at distant cell bodies.
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