Stuart A. Aaronson studies the connection between growth factors, their receptors and cancer. His coauthored account of growth-factor families distinguishes extracellular signal molecules from the receptors that recognize them and transmit signals into a cell. The distinction explains how an alteration of a receptor can change proliferation even without an increase in its ligand.[ref]
The scientific connection is between normal growth regulation and oncogene action: a signaling pathway that normally responds to tissue needs can contribute to inappropriate cell growth when its control is disrupted.

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