Write with . The Sylow theorems give and . Since , necessarily . Its unique Sylow subgroup is a normal subgroup and has prime order , so
A Sylow subgroup has trivial intersection with , and , so . Thus
The semidirect product action is a group homomorphism . If the action is trivial, by the Chinese remainder theorem; if it is nontrivial, . In particular has both a cyclic normal subgroup and a cyclic quotient, making it a metacyclic group and hence a solvable group.
The Abelian group criterion for a product of two prime squares applies because and . Here its Sylow theorems proof is especially short:
The candidates for are , of which only has the required remainder. The candidates for are , again leaving only . Thus both Sylow subgroups are normal subgroups. Their group commutators lie in , and , so . Both factors are abelian groups of prime-square order by (a).
The Fundamental theorem of finitely generated abelian groups gives precisely
These four groups are pairwise nonisomorphic: their characteristic Sylow subgroups differ in whether they contain an element of order or . The first is also the cyclic group .
The assertion follows using only Sylow theorems. Write the order instead as to separate the prime of multiplicity one. If , the number of Sylow -subgroups divides and is one modulo , so one such subgroup is normal. If and the Sylow -subgroup is not normal, its number must be , forcing . Since , this forces and hence . In that order-twelve exception, four order-three subgroups account for eight nonidentity elements. The four remaining elements contain every order-four Sylow subgroup, so that subgroup is unique and normal. In every case a normal Sylow subgroup and its quotient have prime or prime-square order, hence are abelian groups. They provide a series with abelian factors and prove solubility. Orders with the squared exponent lowered to one or zero follow by the same simpler counting.