The Heisenberg Representation of Quantum Computers by Daniel Gottesman (1998, arXiv:quant-ph/9807006)

Primary preprint record and full paper. Section 3 defines the Clifford group as the normalizer of the Pauli group; Table 1 gives the generator conjugations used to track Clifford circuits. The preprint was submitted on 1 July 1998 and the conference contribution was published in 1999, preceding the examination.