For an affine parameter, the geodesic equation is
Vary the energy action with endpoint-fixed variations. Its Euler-Lagrange equation is
Multiplying by and symmetrizing the velocity indices determines the Levi-Civita connection:
This determines the torsion-free metric connection; an antisymmetric-in- addition could not be detected by the geodesic energy variation alone.
For the displayed metric on , the nonzero coefficients are and . Consequently
For a timelike curve choose proper time so . The first equation integrates to , and then . If , dividing and integrating gives
The timelike condition is , with the appropriate branch in the coordinate patch. Conversely these curves with that condition obey the first integrals and admit a timelike affine parametrization.
There is an omitted family in the printed claim: if , then is a timelike vertical geodesic, with in proper time. No fixed finite can represent all points of such a vertical curve by the displayed quadratic. The quadratic therefore describes the nonvertical timelike geodesics; the vertical family must be included for completeness.
Together the two families describe the timelike geodesics of an inverse-time conformal metric.