Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2010 ii Paper 1 36B Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
For an affine parameter, the geodesic equation isVary the energy action with endpoint-fixed variations. Its Euler-Lagrange equation isMultiplying by and symmetrizing the velocity indices determines the Levi-Civita connection:This determines the torsion-free metric connection; an antisymmetric-in- addition could not be detected by the geodesic energy variation alone.
For the displayed metric on , the nonzero coefficients are and . ConsequentlyFor a timelike curve choose proper time so . The first equation integrates to , and then . If , dividing and integrating givesThe timelike condition is , with the appropriate branch in the coordinate patch. Conversely these curves with that condition obey the first integrals and admit a timelike affine parametrization.
There is an omitted family in the printed claim: if , then is a timelike vertical geodesic, with in proper time. No fixed finite can represent all points of such a vertical curve by the displayed quadratic. The quadratic therefore describes the nonvertical timelike geodesics; the vertical family must be included for completeness.
Together the two families describe the timelike geodesics of an inverse-time conformal metric.