A scale-invariant law of unparameterized chords from zero to infinity in the complex upper half-plane is local when a boundary-preserving conformal map between neighborhoods of zero, fixing zero, transports its curve stopped on leaving the first neighborhood to the same-law curve stopped on leaving the second. Equality concerns the stopped curves up to increasing reparameterization. For SLE with parameter six, the transformed SLE driving function is a continuous local martingale with bracket six times the image capacity clock. The Lévy characterization of Brownian motion makes that driver Brownian in the new clock, proving the local stopped-curve invariance.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 36 4 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
Let map out the original filled hull and let map out the filled hull generated by . Both have hydrodynamic normalization at infinity. WriteAlthough the original is specified only on , this conjugacy is defined in the surviving neighborhood of the tip. Boundary preservation gives a real analytic extension there by the Schwarz reflection principle, with . The identities below are first applied on compactly localized intervals before exit and then continued up to .
Set , the capacity clock of the image hull. The Chordal Loewner equation for each flow and the chain rule giveAnalyticity at the driving point cancels the coefficient of , forcing . The constant term, computed as in Question 3, is then . For a general SLE driver , the Itô formula consequently gives the transformed SLE driving functionAt , this becomesThus is a continuous local martingale up to the exit time. If the source notation indexes the image driver by original time, it denotes . If it uses the image's own half-plane-capacity time, it denotes , with the inverse clock; that time-changed process is also a local martingale. This distinguishes the two clocks without changing the requested conclusion.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2010 iii Paper 27 4 a Solution 2026-10-14
By the tip correspondence in the conjugacy,The time-dependent Itô formula is valid after localization away from the pole and the terminal time . The map's time variation is of finite variation, so there is no extra stochastic cross-variation term. Using the supplied conjugacy derivative,ConsequentlyThe cancellation is special to : for a general SLE parameter the drift would be . This is the transformed SLE driving function, and explains the special Locality property of SLE at six.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2016 iii Paper 203 4 d Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-06
For the SLE driver , apply the Itô formula to . At a fixed spatial point, has finite variation locally in time by the derivative formula in part (c); there is no extra spatial martingale term. ConsequentlyThis exact cancellation is the target-change locality of SLE6. For a general parameter the transformed SLE driving function would have drift .
Define the increasing clock and its inverse byThe derivative is real and strictly positive before , so this is a valid continuous time change of a continuous process. The driver is a continuous local martingale with quadratic variation and initial value zero. The Dambis-Dubins-Schwarz theorem gives a standard Brownian motion such thatIf the terminal clock is finite, the Brownian motion may be extended beyond that stopping time; only its stopped part is used here. Reparameterizing the image maps givesThese are exactly the defining Chordal Loewner equation and half-plane-capacity parameterization for . The trace is . Hence the image curve is also ordinary chordal after this time change, up to the specified stopping time:
Target-change locality of SLE6 Created 2026-10-06 Updated 2026-10-14
Changing the target boundary point by a conformal automorphism of the upper half-plane preserves the local chordal SLE law at parameter six, up to a capacity time change and until the relevant boundary point is swallowed. The transformed SLE driving function has zero drift at six; the Dambis-Dubins-Schwarz theorem makes it Brownian in image capacity time.