Past exam of the chemistry A course of the University of Cambridge 2021 Paper 1 A2 c vi Solution 2026-10-20
The trial is even under reflection about the midpoint. The normalized box eigenfunctions satisfy , so orthogonality between even and odd functions gives for even . If the higher odd contributions are neglected, the weighted mean from the quantum variational principle becomesRearranging yields the two-level variational contamination estimateThe required assumption concerns the neglected contributions to the energy as well as their small probabilities. Numerically the two-level estimate is . It is not an exact identity: direct expansion of this parabolic trial gives for odd , hence the exact ratio is . The omitted higher odd states account for the difference.