Prevention offered to a whole specified population regardless of individually assessed risk. Universal delivery can produce different effects across subgroups and does not imply that every participant has equal risk.
A cognitive-behavioral prevention program studied in school and other settings. A trial with a nonspecific-program comparison found heterogeneous school results and no overall average depressive-symptom benefit in the full sample; program identity alone does not guarantee prevention of disorder.[ref]
A classroom behavior-management approach using rules, teams and contingent rewards. Preventive field trials test whether changing early classroom behavior affects later outcomes; results depend on population, implementation and follow-up, not only on the program's name.

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