Good88 là nền tảng giải trí đa dạng với nhiều trò chơi hấp dẫn, mang đến cho bạn vô số lựa chọn mỗi khi tham gia. Nhờ thiết kế giao diện thông minh và dịch vụ chăm sóc khách hàng chuyên nghiệp, Good88 luôn giành được sự tin tưởng tuyệt đối từ các thành viên. Hãy cùng khám phá chi tiết về thương hiệu này qua bài viết dưới đây!
Website: good888.art/
Website: good888.art/
Welcome to my home page!
Bitcoin addresses are by convention expressed in Base58, which is a human readable binary-to-text encoding invented by Bitcoin.
It is a bit like Base64, but obsessed with eliminating characters that look like one another in popular but stupid fonts like capital "I" and lower case ell "l". As such, any embedded text is rather obfuscated due to this limitations, and people often resort to leet-like replacements such as '1' to represent 'I'.
This seems to be one of the earliest strategies used to encode messages into the Bitcoin blockchain. The first known example appears in 2011. Then starting November 2011, a large number of messages were inscribed n short successsion, presumably by a single person or small group.
The interest in Base58 encoding might have initially arisen with people's desire to have "vanity addresses", that is Bitcoin addresses that have real words in them, much like vanity plates or vanity numbers. Such addresses with long words in them are hard to find while keeping the address spendable, because they have to correspond to a private key. An extreme notable example is:which contains the awkward 13 letter word:in it. TODO: proof that it is pendable?
embarrassable
Perhaps inspired by this, some people also decided to use Base58 addresses as a way to create more general unspendable inscriptions, even even though the method is much more clumsy and complicated than P2FKHS. There is however a certain art to working under limitations.
Total burn addresses as a function of time found by Bitcoin Burn Addresses: Unveiling the Permanent Losses and Their Underlying Causes
. Although it is not solely focused on inscriptions and may also contain functional burn addresses, it is likely that the methods of Khatib/Legout capture the overall trend of base58 inscription counts.These messages were originally found with: github.com/cirosantilli/bitcoin-inscription-indexer#payload-size-out-utxo-2vals which tracks the largest transactions with unspent outputs.
Bitcoin Burn Addresses: Unveiling the Permanent Losses and Their Underlying Causes later revealed many new ones.
Bitcoin Burn Addresses: Unveiling the Permanent Losses and Their Underlying Causes later revealed many new ones.
Finding Base58 messages is intrinsically hard for a few reasons
- the words may be garbled by Base58 leet
- only very small ammounts of data can be encoded at a time, and all of it contains ASCII, so you can't just "find all long ASCII strings" as we started doing for other ASCII inscriptions a la
strings -n20
; you have to use some dictionary as a basis - the Base58 does not show up raw on the blockchain, as it is just a human representation for the actual binary data that does, so you can't just strings the blockchain, you have to parse it
The interesting following transactions contain base58 encoded messages on addresses, sorted chronologically, and heighlighted either due to their earliness or historical or artistic quality:
- on two transactions of block 124726 (2011-05-18) someone created two addresses whose base58 differs only by one character,
W
in one is replaced byx
in he other:bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=20955.msg264038#msg264038 How is this address possible? (2011-06-22) user ByteCoin suggests that this was done to highlight the fact that the checksum at the end of base58 addresses against 1 character changes. They also highlight another pair where addresses are equal except for two adjacent swapped characters:18
->81
but these are not present in the blockchain itself.1ByteCoinAddressesMatchcNN781jjwLY 1ByteCoinAddressesMatchcNN718jjwLY
- Around July 2011 there seems to have been a surge of interest in vanity addresses, and it appears that someone was "squatting" long lists of interesting addresses that they managed to generate for later sale. These addresses are present in the hundreds in a few transactions chains, and they do not seem to contain any coherent messages across the outputs. Most encode given names, which would be the easiest type of address to sell. This theory is proposed e.g. at: bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=84569.msg992950#msg992950 and it seems as the most plausible one to us. An example of this is tx acdd81bab63ee42e28296dd5c21e8a29392e409026fc206acf5931b12a31141d block 136273 (2011-07-14) which starts off with:For the purposes of this museum, this is a noteworty event, but it has little artistic value for large ammounts of bulk, and therefore also serves as noise that must be removed if we want to find other more personal and varied inscriptions. We will keep a list of such transactions at: Section "Bitcoin 2011 vanity address pool".
1MeNDez2hmZoehh5JAtS2ZJQfAFZFfSQSi 1ALonzoPwyf8CNVQnVNXNBjacPXaUdZGgm 1MattieiicNRfse5jTVU2X8pX6Cyr7BZVR 1TraciFRboW661p1LfRaULwwefeo8KtQa
1MartinHaferkorncii112o11HdkMrtttD
on tx dab55eefd5cef495719a43bbd190c57c8ca60ecc45d630edf3442b2096965a97 block 152851 (2011-11-11) encodes the name:Likely:Martin Haferkorn
1EricLombrozoXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXWACBVB
appears on 3 separate transactions on 2011-11-24:Alsmost certainly this guy:www.officialusa.com/names/Sandra-Sandic/ suggests a link between Eric and Sandra sharing phone number (858) 461-1843 and residing at 12631 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA. Eric's LinkedIn marks him as living in San Diego, and Sandra's birthday is marked 1969-01-05, so matching the inscription year. The address shows as a regular appartment block on Google Maps, so maybe they are not crazy rich, or they have restraint. besthistorysites.net/name/eric-lombrozo reconfirms the address.- block 154630:
- block 154637: tx dea183908e40e0cebfee6a0d8362b299e07cf193fbc02ffd3308b43781eca208. This one is more interesting and also contains a second output, both at 0.005 BTCso possibly a wedding token of Eric with Sandra Sandic after two previous test transactions. This also possibly gives Sandra's birth year of 1969. Pinged him at: x.com/cirosantilli/status/1904212575211901129.
1969SandraSandicXXXXXXXXXXXXXvdEiU
In 2023 this Sandra Sandic on Facebook liked this post related to a show in San Diego, giving a possible profile. At this post she links to this story about Erik Finman, young Bitcoin millionaire, thus establishing an interest link between that profile and Bitcoin. She also has various posts in Bosnian, so she speaks the language and is likely a first generation immigrant.1BitTaLkTVChristmasSpeciaLXXRix9Ea
is repeated a dozen times on transactions between tx 8e2bacf9971ce1a29d69d1a0484bfaa198257cc116530c7415ab6c38ae54ebc3 block 154721 (2011-11-25) and 2011-11-27.It is a quick ad for the BitTalk.tv Christmas Special by Matthew N. Wright. bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=3025298.0 mentions he is the founder bittalk.tv and co-founder of Bitcoin Magazine. TODO is the video still watchable somewhere? Also announced at: bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=52712. As of 2025, the domain had been reappropriated as a SolarMovie mirror. It is quite likely that all the large set of message that follow were inscribed by him. Related:- www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/ruo73/matthew_n_wright_scammer_of_bitcoinmagazine_and/ Matthew N. Wright, scammer of BitcoinMagazine and BBBB (2012)
- www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/znhsj/matthew_n_wright_apologizes/ Matthew N. Wright "apologizes" (2012)
Later on there is also another variant addresses11Bitta1ktvchristmasspecia1WNDvAa
on repeated almost 300 times on tx ace9524519577138ca98ec01651758fd1e5ec33ce0110c6681eccba0e716cc7a block 155545 (2011-12-01)Other likely mentions of Matthew N Wright:11MatthewLovesmandaXXXXXXXXabCJPY
on tx d7c57205d69420dc7f4593b4de0806c9ec96f4755b64315cd034bd4b0b90dc2a block 155698 (2011-12-01) has a quick love declaration:Matthew loves Amanda
1MatthewNWrightisaScammer124DNsfX
is etched twice
- tx 28ccf29cfcc9f82d42793db770e7c7894d61ccf3d18299f34bda2e54415da287 block 154769 (2011-11-25) contains a short excerpt from Alice in WonderlandOriginal text referred to:
1But1DontWantToGoAmongMadxxxzDmyW6 1Peop1eA1iceRemarkedxxxxxxxxxuLyKu 12ohYouCantHe1pThatxxxxxxxxxzCjyMs 19SaidTheCatWereA11MadHerexxyTvEir 191mMadYoureMadxxxxxxxxxxxxxvwA4Up 1HowDoYouKnow1mMadSaidA1icexxZA4Nr 12YouMustBeSaidTheCatxxxxxxxz2tFa2 12orYouWou1dntHaveComeHerexxvtHbqq
But I don't want to go among mad people," Alice remarked. "Oh, you can't help that," said the Cat: "we're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad." "How do you know I'm mad?" said Alice. "You must be," said the Cat, "or you wouldn’t have come here."
- tx 3bbd94d22346a3bfb44257293e10c3b5c9ee39230c1cd358bdce2bf03c61ba0b (block 154965 , 2011-11-27) contains 49 base58 messages on a single transaction transcribing this version of the Emerald Tablet, a type of mystical medieval text:Some of the messages weirdly have "xoxo" inserted into them, not sure why, e.g.
12TisTrueWithoutALie22222221wT3qjn 1CertainAndMostTrue2222222225YPnJF 12ThatWhich1sBe1ow1sAs222221y3G7mv 12ThatWhich1sAboveAnd2222221vxkcEq ... 1AboutTheWorkingsofTheSun1zzyWJtfm
The full decoded text is:12TheFatherofTheWho1eWor1d2249xs5g 191sHereXoXoXoXoXoXoXoXoXoXo72uqJv 191tsPower1sWho1e1f1tHasXoXoWhYr3M 1BeenTurned1ntoEarth222222221soWAL
It is true, without error, certain and most true,
That which is below is as that which is above, and that which is above is as that which is below, to perform the miracles of the one thing.
And as all things were from the one, by means of the meditation of the one, thus all things were born from the one, by means of adaptation.
Its father is the Sun, its mother is the Moon, the Wind carried it in its belly, its nurse is the earth.
The father of the whole world is here.
Its power is whole if it has been turned into earth.
You will separate the earth from the fire, the subtle from the dense, sweetly, with great skill.
It ascends from earth into heaven and again it descends to the earth, and receives the power of higher and of lower things.
Thus you will have the Glory of the whole world.
Therefore will all obscurity flee from you.
Of all strength this is true strength, because it will conquer all that is subtle, and penetrate all that is solid.
Thus was the world created.
From this were wonderful adaptations, of which this is the means. Therefore am I named Thrice-Great Hermes, having the three parts of the philosophy of the whole world.
It is finished, what I have said about the working of the Sun. 11111111LeonhardEu1er111126nxjP
on tx 80ddf2e7e04922e2cbf6e744dbf47aec02d781505d8b2c4ee5f725b8882ddb2d block 155051 (2011-11-28) is a tribute to Swiss mathematician Leonhard EulerFigure 3. Swiss mathematician Leonard Euler. Source. Off-chain image.- 024b093afb54f69426c5624f09a5f2d3791ce20513225cbb42d333ad72f8576e block 155256 (2011-11-29) has two self-explanatory outputs:
Just A Two Line
Test112JustATwoLine222222222221vcJxpZ 11111Test111112222222222222LiApa
- tx 8f64d2b7a762767e3870c4aee95f8c7b5439cf02cf7d7e5d99b6e39967ecada8 block 155256 (2011-11-29) encodes the poem "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" by Shakespeare 22 addresses starting with:Full original text:
11Sha111CompareTheeToAXXXXXVnRohE 11SummersDayThouArtMoreXXXXUcpgnX 11Love1yAndMoreTemperateXXXUu485j ...
More Shakespeare follows at tx 0ae2eaaa9cddafba89b4c92d074f4e5254cbf7691cbe7f64660bf549c7071147 block 155383 (2011-11-20) has a passage from Romeo and Juliet starting with:Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,
Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,
When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st.
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Full original text:11TisButThyNameThat1sMyXXXXWabTZh 11EnemyThouArtThyse1fThoughXNRG4J 11NotAMontagueWhatsMontagueYEJDfM 111t1sNorHandNorFootNorArmXVNeFEV
'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? That which we call a rose,
By any other word would smell as sweet.
So Romeo would - were he not Romeo called -
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,
And for that name, which is no part of thee,
Take all myself. - Various other notable texts follow on 2011-12-01:
- tx 1f9606f267cc398356663b14d1a7a3591e3da06572893394c14975a6fc11798f block 155467 (2011-12-01) contains an excerpt from Newton's Principia starting with:Full original text[ref]:
11Ru1e1WeAreToAdmitNoMoreXXazQ96z 11CausesofNatura1ThingsThanZAQ9ig 11SuchAsAreBothTrueAndXXXXXZyzfQp 11SufficientToExp1ainTheirXVSC2gY
RULE 1 We are to admit no more causes of natural things, than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances.RULE II Therefore to the same natural effects we must, as far as possible, assign the same causes.RULE III The qualities of bodies, which admit neither intension nor remission of degrees, and which are found to belong to all bodies within reach of our experiments, are to be esteemed the universal qualities of all bodies whatsoever.RULE IV In experimental philosophy we are to look upon propositions collected by general induction from phenomena as accurately or very nearly true, notwithstanding any contrary hypotheses that may be imagined, till such time as other phenomena occur, by which they may either be made more accurate, or liable to exceptions. - tx 89010c791c9d7ed24affa1d638b12179d2ca7ec91704fe906834386f43a8101d starting at
11When1nTheCourseofHumanXXXXdfMdQ
: Declaration of Independence - tx f7ca83a8a2e1c78efdfde0791d99a567ddaa60805c3b5b857bc7ec14ec2c8204 starting at
11AVa1id1dentifier1sAXXXXXXcrnyki
: likely contains an excerpt of the C or C++ standard. Possible source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_data_types. - tx 028b8514a4f6cc96ac3c1c83dbb117ab9dc5eb09deab7b49bf038fd460173127 starting at
11TheSetupTheJokeA1waysXXXXTF9Wzp
: The aristocrats by HP Lovecraft, which talks about the The Aristocrats joke pattern - tx bd513d9ee605ead1a299c9dfb77de1127bf651c54d99820e9be8b40cef8c8dfe starting at
11Si1ex1sAnAcronymForXXXXXXcujTa5
talks briefly about SILEX (separation of isotopes by laser excitation) - tx ef374dcc5b23f16ecb0b1b639ba577d2acda7ad32321b5866db2fa9e6807b9c5 block 155494 (2011-12-01) contains the intruction from the bitcoin.org website: web.archive.org/web/20210129054851/https://bitcoin.org/en/
11Bitcoin1sADecentra1izedXXWPM6Hs 11PeertopeerNetworkoverXXXXUkyy3M 11WhichUsersMakeXXXXXXXXXXXX4tQgN 11TransactionsThatAreXXXXXXVdZfnJ
- tx 05ee60dfb92795c79e46e106f52bbdbc1006eba0837ed9e4ad99d9b214eb5fcf block 155538 contains a tribute to Archimedes:original text at: mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Archimedes/
11ArchimedesWasANativeofXXXXJsj6W 11SyracuseSici1y1t1sXXXXXXXaYF4CE 11ReportedBySomeAuthorsThatXjFBcV 11HeVisitedEgyptAndThereXXXYVzj58
Archimedes was a native of Syracuse, Sicily. It is reported by some authors that he visited Egypt and there invented a device now known as Archimedes' screw. This is a pump, still used in many parts of the world. It is highly likely that, when he was a young man, Archimedes studied with the successors of Euclid in Alexandria. Certainly he was completely familiar with the mathematics developed there, but what makes this conjecture much more certain, he knew personally the mathematicians working there and he sent his results to Alexandria with personal messages. He regarded Conon of Samos, one of the mathematicians at Alexandria, both very highly for his abilities as a mathematician and he also regarded him as a close friend.
- tx 237b50dac42af130171773b233954e62690182fd4901a453ad5d11d1d54a8ca3 block 155545 (2012-01-01) contains an exceprt from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Glass_Menagerie
11TomAppearsAtTheTopofTheXXWyM2Bt 11A11eyAfterEachSo1emnBoomXaBp7oy 11ofTheBe111nTheTowerHeXXXXVQaies 11ShakesALitt1eNoisemakeroraeWTgK ...
- tx 57bfd63000bbfa6e9a61f7285a4abf9aef91dfcfba4fe0f940b431653eb8068b block 155494 (2011-12-01) is a Lorem ipsum and tx 7961b5ae2f053a16d5c589104f87edfabe80fcae185832ea185e7f0cf06c7747 (2011-12-05) is another one:
11Lorem1psumDo1orSitAmetXXXWAEZ6C 11ConsecteturAdipiscingE1itYQHEPM ...
- tx 1f9606f267cc398356663b14d1a7a3591e3da06572893394c14975a6fc11798f block 155467 (2011-12-01) contains an excerpt from Newton's Principia starting with:
- tx 8ffacbb18f63576fe323cbf2acc6c4c01c86aadf13d8352cfdd39d91916d98c8 block 156164 (2011-12-05) advertises etchablock.com by repeating the following 3 messages 80 times:decoding to:
11EtchABLockDotComGivesYouXZHcYVz 11BLockChain1mmortaLityXXXXYRZD5m 11VisitEtchABLockDotComNowXTbeZZ9
More ads can be seen at:etchablock.com gives you blockchain immortaility. Visit etchablock.com now.
- tx 12a8866ea85a8a6838d77cc67ce74ef190a074bc822572f4a82daad00fd980d6 block 156119 (2011-12-05) seems like an alphabet test:
111111111a11111111111b11dC8yHQ 111111111c1111111111111dWctEU9 111111111111e1111111111W7v25m 111111f1111111111111111g11WfG2p8 1111111111111h111111111WdQPXP 11111i111111111111j1111111bL5SyF 11111111k111111111111111XV7PT9D 111L1111111111111111111m111YmYGPJ 1111111111111111n11111U4Rs6D 1111111111111o111111111cLV3wA 11111111p11111111111111qW1RK1A 1111111111111111r1111VRWJZs 111111111111s1111111111VUeyXS 11111111111t11111111111Vq1Wm3 11111111u111111111111111bVpCYE 111111111v11111111111111XoV17A 11111111w1111111111111111YyEFv6 111111111x11111111111111XvZPGp 11111111111y11111111111Y1hDo5 111111111111111zXXXXXXVSn6d5
- tx 31331de21d321766fcac556d7233ad0e3918bc78c7af22b99373569c07d4f30c block 158772 (2011-12-23) has a quick love declaration by a Chinese dude to his Chinese dudesspresumably the man's name is "Ye Chunnan", possible profile: github.com/finway-china
11YechunnanLoveChenchenYeziSsezJQ 11ForeverXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXWcSE4Z
- tx bf40e4a1c2546747bc800a085e7145d921a9f402aaf4040c155ff5d0df9cc999 block 161202 (2012-01-08) encodes:
11When1DieBuryMeDeepLayTwoXVEY5jv 11SpeakersAtMyFeetAPairofXXTyrHor 11HeadphonesonMyHeadAndXXXXYUSvnd 11ALwaysPLayTheGratefuLDeadWdq4Xo
Related quote mention: www.reddit.com/r/quotes/comments/w51yfg/comment/iwnxk9i/When I die, bury me deep, lay two speakers at my feet, a pair of headphones on my head. Always play the grateful dead.
- tx 3a027fadac6ac2d9cf54480667465ba6ad88b7b3c1de62e1cb34cd06a44243ac block 161267 (2012-01-08) has a birthday wish:
11HappyBirthdayStephenXXXXXZL6eQZ 11HawkingXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXRu9FPe
Happy birthday Stephen Hawking
- 1BrianDeeryWasHereCaryNCUSAy1hRCCC on tx c584dd7d3e9ba9776d61ae91f801371e21e434b9d8dab3c81850301433a50fcb block 188657 (2012-06-12) is a check-in by a Brian Deery at Cary, NC, USA. Most likely:
- tx 143a3d7e7599557f9d63e7f224f34d33e9251b2c23c38f95631b3a54de53f024 block 306,204 (2014-06-16) has a Star Wars opening crawl:
1EpisodeiV111111111111111111wbq9i2 1ANewHope1111111111111111111vnYm6D 111111111111111111112xT3273 1itisAPeriodofCiviLWarRebeLyzK2rV 1SpaceshipsStrikingFromA111vh24Fi 1HiddenBaseHaveWonTheirFirstVCugGV 1VictoryAgainstTheEviL111123YSBKF 1GaLacticEmpire1111111111111xsW5HG 1111111111111111111141MmnWZ 1DuringTheBattLeRebeLSpies11ybfhTP 1ManagedToSteaLSecretPLansToxvKf4K 1TheEmpiresULtimateWeapon11zoRcyn 1TheDEATHSTARAnArmoredSpacezUyCHa 1StationWithEnoughPowerTo11vFTWwP 1DestroyAnEntirePLanet1111122KUcy5 111111111111111111114ysyUW1 1PursuedByTheEmpiresSinisterypjWrk 1AgentsPrincessLeiaRacesHomewxuNTT 1AboardHerStarshipCustodian1yhX6zg 1ofTheStoLenPLansThatCan111zCJt3F 1SaveHerPeopLeAndRestore111yULD1y 1FreedomToTheGaLaxy1111111122roNk3
- 1PavedWithGodAndSomeTeensionXudq5X on tx 3e1572ca351d743d7bf627bc844da8f3bdc84eab4a9d27934a8dba30a2e05fe1 block 371894 (2015-08-28) is the largest likely burn that we know of with a single transaction, totalling 1.61803399 BTCIt is unclear what this means exactly and we can't find any pre-existing soruces, but it seems to be a variant of the well known:
Paved With God And Some Teension
Related:
- www.reddit.com/r/Buttcoin/comments/3kqdjv/a_list_of_bitcoin_addresses_used_to_intentionally/ A list of bitcoin addresses used to intentionally burn bitcoin (2015-09-13). Their list is not based solely on base58 images, e.g. 1A1zP1eP5QGefi2DMPTfTL5SLmv7DivfNa from the Genesis block is present. Also their ordering is unclear, it's neither stricly chronological nor by value. But it is a good list however.
- github.com/BranndonWork/bitcoin-bulk-balance-check/blob/master/burned.csv
- bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=84569 Vanity Pool - vanity address generator pool
- bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=85935 Coins sent to the great wallet in the sky (2012-06-07)
- bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=90982.285 Rare address hall of fame (2015)
- bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=917913.0 Burn Baby Burn! - Compiling all Bitcoin burn addresses by fairglu (2015)
- bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=553449.0 Longest most impressive VANITY (2014)
- bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=558604.0 Custom Bitcoin address? (2014)
- medium.com/@westkate37/burned-bitcoins-d9b15b3699d6
- www.bitcoinwhoswho.com/blog/2018/12/29/2-btc-burned-in-2018/
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/70241/whats-with-this-address-1111111111111111111114olvt2/125931#125931
- bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/49625/whats-the-point-of-bitcoin-eaters mentions in particular
1BitcoinEaterAddressDontSendf59kuE
- kf106.medium.com/interesting-addresses-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain-e0956f06ec01 has some interesting monetary ones, not inscriptions
- www.bitcoinwhoswho.com/blog/2016/06/01/the-7-most-incredible-bitcoin-addresses/ The 7 Most Incredible Bitcoin Addresses (2016)
While in Brazil, Ciro Santilli used to walk through the outskirts of a small favela to get to university every day, the Favela de São Remo.
See the street view for: R. Catumbi - Vila Butantã Vila Butantã, São Paulo - State of São Paulo, Brazil, e.g. with this link.
To the left, the outer walls of a large police station, with concertina wire on top and all.
To the right, dudes selling drugs on the entry of a small corridor street, presumably to which they could easily escape to in case of need.
The cops could have identified the dealers with binoculars if they actually wanted to!!!
The drug sellers did keep the peace in their business area, and Ciro never got robbed, and would come back from university parties on foot late through the favela.
But Ciro's friends did say that things got much worse after Ciro left, for example a flash kidnapping was reported in 2015.
Wikipedia says that this favela started in the 60s and 70s as settlements of the builders of the University, and that many of the people there still work for the University.
This is consistent with the terribly old buildings Ciro saw when he was at university. They even had the building skills to build their own homes.
The state just has to either legalize those people, or give them houses somewhere else nearby. A world class University is the most important thing a poor country can have, and its image cannot be jeopardized like that.
The existence of that favela, right next to one of the most important universities in Latin America, puts Brazil's surreal social inequality into perspective. Especially considering that before extremely heavy university entry quotas were added, basically all students of the university (or at least of the courses that lead to high paying jobs) had attended private schools, and therefore were not of the poorer classes (see passage about 10 out 500 passage from Section "Free gifted education").
The janitors of the apartment block Ciro lived all lived in the favela. Yes, in poor countries lives are worth nothing, and some poorer people work by watching the entrance of buildings of less poor people 24/7 to guard it from other even more desperate poor people who might want to rob the not so poor inhabitants. They also do janitor jobs like cleaning common areas in parallel.
They were incredibly nice hard-working people, and Ciro spoke often with them. If only given the opportunity, those people could be amazing engineers or scientists obviously. Ciro was also glad to be their friends, and sat down with them quite a few times for several minutes after coming back from University parties, partly because he felt bad about them having to work at that time, but also partly because he just liked them. And they were always up to date on who had come back with a girl to the apartment or not. Ciro imagines that if it had been him, it would have been a perfect bragging opportunity ;)
They had "nothing" but were still happy. This is true wisdom, and a good reminder that all our non-transhumanist technical goals are nothing.
We must destroy social inequality.
What happens when the underdogs get together and try to factor out their efforts to beat some evil dominant power, sometimes victoriously.
Or when startups use the cheapest stuff available and randomly become the next big thing, and decide to keep maintaining the open stuff to get features for free from other companies, or because they are forced by the Holy GPL.
Open source frees employees. When you change jobs, a large part of the specific knowledge you acquired about closed source a project with your blood and tears goes to the trash. When companies get bought, projects get shut down, and closed source code goes to the trash. What sane non desperate person would sell their life energy into such closed source projects that could die at any moment? Working on open source is the single most important non money perk a company can have to attract the best employees.
Open source is worth more than the mere pragmatic financial value of not having to pay for software or the ability to freely add new features.
Its greatest value is perhaps the fact that it allows people study it, to appreciate the beauty of the code, and feel empowered by being able to add the features that they want.
That is why Ciro Santilli thought:
Life is too short for closed source.
But quoting Ciro's colleague S.:
Every software is open source when you read assembly code.
And "can reverse engineer the undocumented GPU hardware APIs", Ciro would add.
While software is the most developed open source technology available in the 2010's, due to the "zero cost" of copying it over the Internet, Ciro also believes that the world would benefit enormously from open source knowledge in all areas on science and engineering, for the same reasons as open source.
Only patches which were reviewed by at least one person with push permission will be listed here.
This may also include patches which were rejected in favor of another patch, but strongly influenced the merged patch.
Lists:
- trilarion.github.io/opensourcegames/
- www.slant.co/topics/1933/~best-open-source-games
- libregamewiki.org/Main_Page
- www.reddit.com/r/opensourcegames/comments/197luuk/what_is_the_best_open_source_game_in_your_opinion/
- www.pcgamer.com/yall-know-about-these-huge-lists-of-free-open-source-game-clones-right/ is a list of lists
Why would anyone ever waste time playing a closed source game, when this will inevitably lead to endless hours of decompilation down the line when you want to:
- fully understand how the game works, notably to help with TASsing
- improve the game's flaws as devs drop support (or lose source code and have to later reverse-engineer their own fucking game?) :-)
Those who devote their time to the useless development of open source video games, before we even have decent open source development tooling, will, without a doubt, have their place in Heaven.
- tower defense
- www.edopedia.com/demo/pixeldefense possible source github.com/jesseakt/PixelDefense 2020-03 desperately lacks a fast forward button and enemy health bars
- platformer
- 2D platformer
- teeworlds: does not run on Ubuntu 21.10,
X Error of failed request: BadValue
- teeworlds: does not run on Ubuntu 21.10,
- 3D platformer
- 2D platformer
- OpenClonk: Terraria-like 2D mining crafting game. Pretty well done. Not sure if you can have a super huge open world. The fact that the music stops completely so often is a bit saddening.
- Pingus: Lemmings clone. Very good!
- github.com/The-Powder-Toy/The-Powder-Toy: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling-sand_game in C++. No Ubuntu 19.10 package it seems, but was easy to compile from source.
- roguelike
- Worms clone
- Hedgewars
- pokemon clone:
- Tuxemon. Worked on Ubuntu 21.10. 20ea4181e1c0db04934ee69951ea1836a3b1f642
- ARPG
- Diablo II clones:v1.12 download Worked well on Ubuntu 21.10.
- github.com/flareteam/flare-game game engine
- flarerpg.org/mods/flare-empyrean/ game made with the engine
- The Mana World: www.themanaworld.org/ Started somewhat as a loose The Secret of Mana clone, but they've added online play capabilities, effectively making it a MMORPG.Their user acquisition as of 2021 is really bad. Download is a wiki page, there are two client versions, etc. The .deb did not work out o box on Ubuntu 21.10 due to unmet dependencies:fails with:
sudo apt install ./manaplus_amd64.deb
so it won't be able to play without trying to compile and possibly minor ports since the deb does not packs dependencies. Some requests for a release with all dependencies prepacked:Their home page says it all:manaplus : Depends: libpng12-0 (>= 1.2.13-4) but it is not installable Depends: libsdl-gfx1.2-4 (>= 2.0.22) but it is not installable Depends: manaplus-data (= 1.6.4.23-2) but 1.9.3.23-6 is to be installed
Sad.Server status: Online: 9 players
- Diablo II clones:
- Factorio clones:
- github.com/tobspr/shapez.io Also browser based.
YouTube review channels:
Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow contributions by
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-03-28 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli's amazing Stack Overflow profile
. Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow stats
. Data compiled for the plot: ciro-santilli-stack-overflow-stats.csv
- top obtained manually from pages such s=as: stackexchange.com/leagues/1/year/stackoverflow/2023-01-01
- answer count obtained with this Stack Exchange Data Explorer data.stackexchange.com/stackoverflow/query/433214/count-of-answers-by-user-over-time and then manually pasting it in.
- total questions obtained with: data.stackexchange.com/stackoverflow/query/1882511/questions-asked-per-year-on-stack-overflow#resultSets
Plot generated with gnuplot with ciro-santilli-stack-overflow-stats.gnuplot
Related announcements:
Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow contributions have, unsurprisingly, centered around the subjects he has worked with: systems programming and web development, and necessary tooling to get those done, such as Git, Python, Bash and Ubuntu.
His best answers are listed at: Section "The best articles by Ciro Santilli".
Stack Overflow has been the initial centerpiece of Ciro Santilli's campaign for freedom of speech in China, until Ciro noticed that GitHub might be potentially even more effective for it.
In Stack Overflow Ciro likes to:
- answer important questions found through Google which he needs to solve an actual problem he has right now, and for which none of the existing answers satisfied him, and close duplicates.
- monitor less known tags which very few people know a lot about and where the knowledge sharing desperately lacking, but in which Ciro specializes and therefore has some uncommon knowledge to share
In practice it also happens that Ciro:
- Googles for his own answers to remember some detail he wrote down but with slightly different terms that were closer to mind at the time, and find other similar questions for which he has the perfect answer.
- learns something new by chance, e.g. some new flashy feature of a new version of the C++ standard, thinks "this is awesome, there must be a Stack Overflow question for it", and then there is a question and he answers it
When he gets an upvote on one of his more obscure answers, Ciro often re-reads it, and often finds improvements to be made and makes them.
He doesn't like to refresh the homepage looking for easy reputation on widely known subjects. See also: online forums that lock threads after some time are evil.
The result is that Ciro ends up getting relatively a lot of reputation without much work! The term passive income, much beloved by fake investment gurus, comes to mind. But now it's "passive reputation"! And it is useless! Yay!
For this reason, Necromancer is Ciro's favorite badge (get 5 upvotes on a question older than 60 days), and as of July 2019, he became the #1 user with the most of this badge. Announcement on Twitter.
The number two at the time was VonC (see also: Section "Epic Stack Overflow users"), who had about 16 times more answers than Ciro in total! From this query: data.stackexchange.com/stackoverflow/query/1072396?&Date=2019-07-01&UserId=895245 it can be seen that as of July 2019, 1216 out of his 1329 answers were answered 60 days after the questions and constitute potential necromancers! Compare that to VonC's 1643 potential necromancers out of 21767 answers!
VonC eventually took back the lead in 2022, dude's a machine!!! twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1546389532014247936
Someone at Ciro's work once said something along:and this does ring true in Stack Overflow as well. When you are answering stuff, it means that you either didn't know, or that the information wasn't well available, and so your specific application is progressing slowly because of that. Once the generic prerequisites are well solved and answered, you will spend much more time on your business specific things rather than anything else that can be factored out across projects, and so you will get more "directly useful work" done, and less Stack Overflow answers. Of course, without the prior research in place, you can't get the final product done either.
The more patents a research project generates, the less actually working products it produces.
In terms of per year reputation ranks, Ciro was in the top 100 in of the 2018 ranking with 38,710 reputation gained in that year: stackexchange.com/leagues/1/year/stackoverflow/2018-01-01?sort=reputationchange&page=4 (archive). He reached top 50 in 2022. Note that daily reputation is mostly capped to 200 per day, leading to a maximum 73000 per year. It is possible to overcome this limit either with bounties or accepts, and Ciro finds it amazing that some people actually break the 73k limit by far with accepts, e.g. Gordon Linoff reached 135k in 2018 (archive)! However, this is something that Ciro will never do, because it implies answering thousands and thousands of useless semi duplicate questions as fast as possible to get the accept. Ciro's reputation comes purely from upvotes on important question, and is therefore sustainable without any extra effort once achieved. Interestingly, Ciro appeared on top of the quarter SE rankings around 2019-11: web.archive.org/web/20191112100606/https://stackexchange.com/leagues but it was just a bug ;-)
There is no joy like answering an old question, and watching your better answer go up little by little until it dominates all others.
Stack Overflow reputation is of course, in itself, meaningless. People who contribute to popular subjects like web development will always have infinitely more reputation than those that contribute to low level subjects.
What happens on the specialized topics though is that you end up getting to know all the 5 users who contribute 95% of the content pretty soon as you study those subjects.
Like everything that man does, the majority of Ciro's answers are more or less superficial subjects that many people know but few have the patience to explain well, or they are updates to important questions reflecting upstream developments. But as long as they save 15 minutes from someone's life, that's fine.
There is great beauty when you are involved in a programming problem, and you suddenly remember: wait, I answered something related a few years ago! And especially so when you can go back and improve your old answer with new insight. This has great value, because when you were more newbie, you would have typed different words into Google Search than you would now. So by updating posts from when you were a newbie, you are helping other newbies more, as they are more likely to be also searching for those keywords. It is also very nice to have some head start on the answer's upvote count and not have to bootstrap yet another answer from 0 upvotes and have to go through all the competition!
For example, Ciro's most upvoted answer as of July 2019 is stackoverflow.com/questions/18875674/whats-the-difference-between-dependencies-devdependencies-and-peerdependencies/22004559#22004559 was written when he spent his first week playing with NodeJS (he was having a look at Overleaf, later merged into Overleaf, for education), which he didn't touch again for several years, and still hasn't "mastered" as of 2019! This did teach a concrete life lesson to Ciro however: it is impossible to know what is the most useful thing you can do right now very precisely. The best bet is to follow your instincts and do as much awesome stuff as you can, and then, with some luck, some of those attempts will cover an use case.
Ciro tends to take most pride on his systems programming answers, which is a subject that truly relatively few people know about. He likes it when he goes insanely deep into a subject, way beyond what OP had in mind, exposing full root causes and broader causes, see e.g.:
- stackoverflow.com/questions/1778538/how-many-gcc-optimization-levels-are-there/30308151#30308151
- stackoverflow.com/questions/34519521/why-does-gcc-create-a-shared-object-instead-of-an-executable-binary-according-to/55704865#55704865
- stackoverflow.com/questions/8352535/how-does-kernel-get-an-executable-binary-file-running-under-linux/31394861#31394861
Ciro also derives great joy from his "media related answers" (3D graphics, audio, video), which are immensely fun to write, and sometimes borderline art, see answers such as those under "OpenGL" and "Media" under the best articles by Ciro Articles or even simpler answers such as:
There is something of greater value in perfectly presented technical knowledge, that goes beyond than simply getting something done. The pleasure of understanding and mastering something, and perhaps of the explanation itself. Sometimes when answering, Ciro feels like a tailor, where ASCII is his cloth. See also: Section "The art of programming", Section "Physics and the illusion of life".
Ciro's deep understanding of Stack Overflow mechanisms and its shortcomings also helped shape his ideas for: OurBigBook.com. So it is a bit funny to think that after all time Ciro spent on the website, he actually wants to destroy it and replace it with something better. There can be no innovation without some damage. It also led to Ciro's creation of Stack Overflow Vote Fraud Script.
After answering so many questions, he ended up converging to a more or less consistent style, which he formalized at:Like any other style guide, this answer style guide, once fully incorporated and memorized, allows Ciro to write answers faster, without thinking about formatting issues.
- meta.stackexchange.com/questions/18614/style-guide-for-questions-and-answers/326746#326746. Key self-quote:Intersperse paragraphs with lists, code blocks and other block elementsBeautiful text is not just text. Beautiful text is half text, and half ASCII art. There is almost a texture, or tempo, to it.
- meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10647/how-do-i-write-a-good-title/311903#311903. Question title style only. After a few years later more people agreeing with that post which now had -12 votes: meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/422082/should-we-add-option-use-complete-sentences-to-first-answers-queue
Ciro also made a question title style guide: meta.stackexchange.com/questions/10647/how-do-i-write-a-good-title/311903#311903 but for some reason the Stack Overflow community prefers their semi-defined title meta-language to proper English. Go figure.
Ciro started contributing to Stack Overflow in 2012 when he was at École Polytechnique.
Like all things that end up shaping the course of one's life, Ciro started contributing without thinking too much about it.
His first answer was to the LaTeX question: Standalone diagrams with TikZ?, which reflects the fact that this happened while Ciro was reaching his Ciro Santilli's Open Source Enlightenment.
Ciro's first upvote was for his 2012 question: How to run a Python script portably without specifying its full path?
When he started contributing, Ciro was still a newbie. One early event he will never forget was when someone mentioned a "man page", and Ciro commented saying that there was a typo!
When Ciro reached 15 points and gained the ability to upvote, it felt like a major milestone, he even took a screenshot of the browser! 1k, 10k and 100k were also particularly exciting. When the 100k cup (archive) arrived in 2018, Ciro made a show-off Facebook post (archive). At some point though, your brain stops caring, and automatically filters out any upvotes you get except on the answers that you are really proud of and which don't yet have lots of upvotes. The last remaining useless gamed achievement that Ciro looked forward to was legendary (archive), and which he achieved on 2021-02-16.
Ciro Santilli with his Stack Overflow 100k reputation cup
. From the start, Ciro's motivations for contributing to Stack Overflow have been a virtuous circle of:
- save the world through free education
- It feels especially amazing when people in the real world start taking note of you, and either close friends tell you straight out that you're a Stack Overflow God, or as you slowly and indirectly find out that less close know or came to you due to your amazing contributions.
It is also amazing when you start having a repertoire of answers, and as you are writing a new answer, you remember: "hey, the knowledge of that answer would be so welcome here", and so you link to the other answer as well at the perfect point. This somewhat achieves does what OurBigBook.com aims to do: for each small section of a tutorial, gather the best answers by multiple people.
Another one is Aaron Hall, who is also very high on the necromancer list, answers in Python which is a topic Ciro cares about, and states on his profile:so another necromancer.
Follow me on Twitter and tell me what canonical questions you would like me to respond to!
Way to go.
Ciro also asks some questions on a ratio of about 1 question per 10 answers. But Ciro's questions tend to be about extremely niche that no one knows/cares about, and a high percentage of them ends up getting self answered either at asking time or after later research.
Some fun reactions to Ciro's Stack Overflow activity:
- Eric B comments[ref] on Ciro's answer to the question "What does multicore assembly language look like?":
Holy shit, Ciro made it his masters degree to write OP an answer. What a long and detailed answer, thanks!
Wayback Machine pages don't after you just finished archiving them by
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-03-28 +Created 2025-01-29
Pages seem to take some time after they say they have "archived it" to when you can actually see what was archived.
Their system is that bad unsurprisingly.
List all domains from the Wayback Machine by
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-03-28 +Created 1970-01-01
- archive.org/post/1055220/how-to-query-for-all-the-websites-that-end-in-combr
- archive.org/details/WebArchiveDomainFiles only a random list with per-ccTLDs upon request of (paid presumably) partners. As of 2023 only contains the Netherlands: archive.org/details/Dotnl-2016-present-domains-in-wayback-domainyear-of-last-capture
archive.org/details/toomanyrequests_20191110 says 15 archives / minute, but apparently aslo 15 retrievals per minutes on Wikipedia, after which 5 min blacklist. After that, you start getting some 429s, and after that, server refuses to connect at al.
CDX: no limits apparently, they might just throttle you? Made 10k requets on bash loop and was going fine. But not that if you get blacklisted by create/fetch requests blacklist, server fails to connect here as well.
Feature added in 2019 apparently: www.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/dj6ot5/you_can_now_save_a_screenshot_of_your_saved_pages/
github.com/ourbigbook/template/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
But TODO: how to access the screenshot afterwards?
github.com/ourbigbook/template/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
But TODO: how to access the screenshot afterwards?
Previously called "Lending Library" it seems: help.archive.org/hc/en-us/articles/360016554912-Borrowing-From-The-Lending-Library
You can borrow online books from them for a few hours/days: help.archive.org/hc/en-us/articles/360016554912-Borrowing-From-The-Lending-Library This is the most amazing thing ever made!!! You can even link to specific pages, e.g. archive.org/details/supermenstory00murr/page/80/mode/2up
They seem to a have a separate URL with the same content as well for some reason: openlibrary.org/, classic messy Internet Archive style.
Bastards are suing them www.theverge.com/2020/6/1/21277036/internet-archive-publishers-lawsuit-open-library-ebook-lending: Hachette, Penguin Random House, Wiley, and HarperCollins
It is quite hard to decide if an upload is from the official legal lending library, or just some illegal upload, e.g.:so the URLs are basically the same style. Some legality indicators:
- archive.org/details/TheGoogleStory likely illegal
- archive.org/details/isbn_9780385342728 likely legal
Access-restricted-item
: true- present in the collection: archive.org/details/internetarchivebooks?tab=about
Pinned article: ourbigbook/introduction-to-the-ourbigbook-project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. - Internal cross file references done right:
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
Figure 6. Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents.Live URL: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordateDescendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact