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The hole point of Intel SGX is to allow users to be certain that a certain code was executed in a remove server that they rent but don't own, like AWS. Even if AWS wanted to be malicious, they would still not be able to modify your read your input, output nor modify the program.
The way this seems to work is as follows.
Each chip has its own unique private key embedded in the chip. There is no way for software to read that private key, only the hardware can read it, and Intel does not know that private key, only the corrsponding public one. The entire safety of the system relies on this key never ever leaking to anybody, even if they have the CPU in their hands. A big question is if there are physical forensic methods, e.g. using electron microscopes, that would allow this key to be identified.
Then, using that private key, you can create enclaves.
Once you have an enclave, you can load a certain code to run into the enclave.
Then, non-secure users can give inputs to that enclave, and as an output, they get not only the output result, but also a public key certificate based on the internal private key.
This certificates states:and that can then be verified online on Intel's website, since they keep a list of public keys. This service is called attestation.
- given input X
- program Y
- produced output Z
So, if the certificate is verified, you can be certain that a your input was ran by a specific code.
Additionally:
- you can public key encrypt your input to the enclave with the public key, and then ask the enclave to send output back encrypted to your key. This way the hardware owner cannot read neither the input not the output
- all data stored on RAM is encrypted by the enclave, to prevent attacks that rely on using a modified RAM that logs data
Ciro Santilli believes that these tools basically solve all the brain-dead problems which newbies would ask, and easy rep seekers would reply to.
Also, because Ciro Santilli only goes for long term reputation, which often means hard questions, this shot his yearly reputation rankings up without him doing anything, because all the guys who answered easy questions were decimated.
This was followed by Stack Overflow attempting to immorally and likely illegally trying to restrict free access to its previously commendable data dumps:which people were using to train LLMs.
This can be very clearly seen by several metrics on Stack Exchange Data Explorer, e.g. Ciro Santilli noticed that very clearly at: Total reputation in Stack Overflow over time how activity has been steadily falling since 2020.
Approximate total reputation change per year on Stack Overflow
. By Ciro Santilli using gnuplot. Methodology described at: Ciro Santilliś answer to the question "Total reputation in Stack Overflow over time". The 15 year old question was then closed soon after Ciro Santilli answered it, because of course that attracted some attention to the question, which of course was off-topic.
Related posts:
- www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/1592s82/the_fall_of_stack_overflow/. www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/1592s82/comment/jte8aju/ is amazing:Well known Stack Overflow user mipadi comments:You've fallen for the common misconception that the goal of stackoverflow is helping users solve problems.When the reality is that it's actually a video game. The only players are the admins/mods, and their goal is to use their "hammers" and attempts at pedantry/nitpicking (correctness not important) to compete with each other to get the highest "close" point scores. Pew pew pew!!! Bang bang bang!!! How many points can you score today?!?!Us users are just the NPCs, there as fodder for the real players.Ciro Santilli concurs, for professional niche sites. Non-professional ones are fine.
And the niche Stack Exchange sites tend to be even worse, although I can still get a question answered after much teeth gnashing, usually.
- www.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/195ygru/stackoverflow_questions_down_66_in_2023_compared/ StackOverflow Questions Down 66% in 2023 Compared to 2020. Links to: x.com/v_lugovsky/status/1746275445228654728 "What's happening with StackOverflow?" by user Vlad
- observablehq.com/@ayhanfuat/the-fall-of-stack-overflow
- data.stackexchange.com/stackoverflow/query/1882511/questions-asked-per-year-on-stack-overflow#graph Questions asked per year on Stack Overflow
- news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41364798
This section is about numbers that we don't know if they are rational or not.
Bibliography:
- www.quantamagazine.org/rational-or-not-this-basic-math-question-took-decades-to-answer-20250108/ Rational or Not? This Basic Math Question Took Decades to Answer (2025)
Physics is a way to predict the future by 
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-01-21 +Created 2025-01-21
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-01-21 +Created 2025-01-21It is quite beautiful to look at it like that.
That which previous generations would treat as magical, and divine.
We are doing better and better right now.
Of course, in a way, humans are trying and often successfully predicting certain daily aspects of the future all the time. Will this car stop if I cross the road? Will this glass break if I drop it?
But there's a beauty to the level of precision that can be achieved with physics and other natural sciences.
YouTube randomly removes people's comments by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-01-21 +Created 2025-01-21
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-01-21 +Created 2025-01-21It is incomprehensible how it works.
If there's anything remotely offensive, that's understandable, that the Google advertising censorship machine would take it down. But even perfecly polite comments are taken down.
And even as a channel admin, I cannot find the comment anywhere to approve it. They seem to be actually fully removed.
Also YouTube notifies you of some comments, but randomly does not notify you of others. I've checked Held comments and "Comments that may be offensive have been hidden".
Everything is very blurred and you can't be certain of anything.
One thing YouTube seems to not like is if you comment multiple times. Even when replying to the channel admin each time. Presumably to prevent spammers from adding a lot of replies.
And once it removes one of your comments from a thread, it starts to remove every single future comment from tha thread, that seems to be deterministic.
One thing to try with known users that make good comments often is "Mark user as approved user". But that feature is very hard to find on the web UI and its usage must be minimal.
Also the "I haven't respoded" tab simply doesn't work, and leaves dozens of comments unresponded not shown.
YouTube not usable as a commenting platform. It's just a huge noisy mess. Perhaps this is a reflection of our Internet world in general.
- Homepage: gabrielstaples.com
- GitHub: github.com/ElectricRCAircraftGuy
- Twitter: x.com/eRCaGuy
- Stack Overflow: stackoverflow.com/users/4561887/gabriel-staples. Contains a beautiful quote:Yes, sir.
Working hard to make the Internet more complete.
One day Ciro Santilli got an upvote on his answer to "How to use Git bisect?". As often happens, he had a second look at the question and his answer. But weird thing showed up: the question was now open again, and he was certain that some stupid closurist had previously closed it. Upon looking at stackoverflow.com/posts/4713088/timeline, he saw that it was Gabriel that had started the successful reopen vote. - github.com/sponsors/ElectricRCAircraftGuy:
I'd really like to work on open source projects more, but the need for a full-time job makes that difficult. If you can sponsor me, you help me get one step closer to my dream of not having to work a traditional "day job" anymore, so I can contribute more to the open source community, do more to educate, and do more to confront new and challenging ideas.
- x.com/eRCaGuy/status/1305275684592340992: it's hard to say if he's joking about actually getting a reply from Bezos or if he thinks it might actually happen:
I emailed Jeff Bezos today about some concerns I've been having selling on #Amazon. We'll see if he responds. Hopefully in my email I come across respectful. I think my point #3 (that sellers having negative experiences affects their recruiting) is a real, legitimate concern.
Disruptive technology opportunity window by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-01-21 +Created 2025-01-21
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-01-21 +Created 2025-01-21
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Welcome to my home page!
Chudovo is a software development and IT consulting company with representative offices in Germany, the USA, the UK, and Central & Eastern Europe. It has been working on the market since 2006, providing customers with up-to-date web, mobile, desktop, and embedded solutions. The company has expertise in 16+ industries, including healthcare, finance, logistics, education, media, telecom, and more. We provide consulting, custom software development, and IT audit services to startups, SMEs, and enterprises. Our team includes professional software architects, developers, DevOps engineers, QAs, BAs, and other IT experts, who work closely together to deliver high-quality projects for customers.
chudovo.com/
chudovo.com/
Welcome to my home page!
Welcome to my home page!
Welcome to my home page!
Ciro Santilli visited Qatar in 2025, here are some notes.
The lady at the border crossing that checked the passports was terrible. She and all her colleagues had their hijabed colleagues had cell phones on social media right on the job, and a terrible attitude. But one of them had an Apple Watch, they are not poor. They must be the disliked third wives of the cousin of the king of something. The facial recognition system was terrible and took several tries to work for some people. Quite funnily, all the border crossing male officers look like Saddam Hussein. Interestingly, Chinese nationals need to take more fingerprint than Europeans. Also there's a company that has a service to collect your bags for you, they have an infinitely long line of Indian valets waiting to pick up other people's bags.
Signal is blocked at my hotel 1 but not hotel 2, and also works on Vodaphone SIM. pornhub.com is blocked everywhere: www.reddit.com/r/qatar/comments/uyhwdz/comment/m6d5980/. WhatsApp voice calling was blocked on hotel 1 and 4G, but not on hotel 2. The National Museum of Qatar blocks YouTube comments with: "Restricted mode has hidden comments for this video".
The place looks a lot like Singapore. Both have an infinite money glitch, and they import cheap NPC foreign labor like there is no tomorrow. At the end of the day you can see a bunch of Indian dudes sitting on the grass in the park as is their custom, exactly like Singapore. But is is way more extreme, with 85%-90% of the population being immigrants.
Paintings of the dictator and his father are visible everywhere. The father is important to suggest that he willingly chose this son to power and give smooth transition. Sometimes the mother is also together, presumably in part to identify which of the wives is the mother!
Drivers are a bit wild, definitely a step up from UK level.
Pinned article: ourbigbook/introduction-to-the-ourbigbook-project
Welcome to the OurBigBook Project! Our goal is to create the perfect publishing platform for STEM subjects, and get university-level students to write the best free STEM tutorials ever.
Everyone is welcome to create an account and play with the site: ourbigbook.com/go/register. We belive that students themselves can write amazing tutorials, but teachers are welcome too. You can write about anything you want, it doesn't have to be STEM or even educational. Silly test content is very welcome and you won't be penalized in any way. Just keep it legal!
We have two killer features:
- topics: topics group articles by different users with the same title, e.g. here is the topic for the "Fundamental Theorem of Calculus" ourbigbook.com/go/topic/fundamental-theorem-of-calculusArticles of different users are sorted by upvote within each article page. This feature is a bit like:
- a Wikipedia where each user can have their own version of each article
- a Q&A website like Stack Overflow, where multiple people can give their views on a given topic, and the best ones are sorted by upvote. Except you don't need to wait for someone to ask first, and any topic goes, no matter how narrow or broad
This feature makes it possible for readers to find better explanations of any topic created by other writers. And it allows writers to create an explanation in a place that readers might actually find it.
Figure 1. Screenshot of the "Derivative" topic page. View it live at: ourbigbook.com/go/topic/derivative - local editing: you can store all your personal knowledge base content locally in a plaintext markup format that can be edited locally and published either:This way you can be sure that even if OurBigBook.com were to go down one day (which we have no plans to do as it is quite cheap to host!), your content will still be perfectly readable as a static site.
- to OurBigBook.com to get awesome multi-user features like topics and likes
- as HTML files to a static website, which you can host yourself for free on many external providers like GitHub Pages, and remain in full control
Figure 2. You can publish local OurBigBook lightweight markup files to either OurBigBook.com or as a static website.
Figure 3. Visual Studio Code extension installation.
Figure 4. Visual Studio Code extension tree navigation.
Figure 5. . You can also edit articles on the Web editor without installing anything locally. Video 3. Edit locally and publish demo. Source. This shows editing OurBigBook Markup and publishing it using the Visual Studio Code extension.Video 4. OurBigBook Visual Studio Code extension editing and navigation demo. Source. - Internal cross file references done right:
- Infinitely deep tables of contents:
Figure 6. Dynamic article tree with infinitely deep table of contents.Live URL: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordateDescendant pages can also show up as toplevel e.g.: ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/chordate-subclade
All our software is open source and hosted at: github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook
Further documentation can be found at: docs.ourbigbook.com
Feel free to reach our to us for any help or suggestions: docs.ourbigbook.com/#contact