Hund's rules

{c}
{title2=1927}
{wiki}

Allow us to determine with good approximation in a multi-electron atom which <electron configuration> have more energy. It is a bit like the <Aufbau principle>, but at a finer resolution.

Note that this is not trivial since there is no explicit solution to the <Schrödinger equation> for multi-electron atoms <Schrödinger equation solution for the hydrogen atom>[like there is for hydrogen].

For example, consider carbon which has <electron configuration> 1s2 2s2 2p2.

If we were to populate the 3 <p-orbitals> with two electrons with spins either up or down, which has more energy? E.g. of the following two:
``
m_L -1  0  1
    u_ u_ __
    u_ __ u_
    __ ud __
``


 Hund's rules

ID: hund-s-rules