Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 35

This section is about games initially designed for humans, but which ended up being used in AI development as well, e.g.:

Isothermal means "at fixed temperature".

This is to contrast with the more well established polymerase chain reaction, which requires heating and cooling the sample several times.

The obvious advantage of isothermal methods is that their machinery can be simpler and cheaper, and the process can happen faster, since you don't have to do through heating and cooling cycles.

Most/all commands have the -V option which prints the version, e.g.:

As of 2020's and earlier, humans were far far behind. As of 2020s and earlier, even an average personal computers without a GPU, the hallmark of deep learning beats every human.

Chess is just too easy!

This was the pre-Internet precursor of wikis. This program was likely venerable, shame it predates Ciro Santilli's era.

But the thing was much more bloated it seems, and also included visual programming elements, and WYSISYG UI creation.

square, cube. 4D case known as tesseract.

Convex hull of all $\{-1,1{\}}^D$ (Cartesian product power) D-tuples, e.g. in 3D:

From this we see that there are $2^D$ vertices.

Two vertices are linked iff they differ by a single number. So each vertex has D neighbors.

Ciro Santilli distinctly remembers being taught that at basic electrical engineering school during Ciro Santilli's undergrad studies at the University of São Paulo.

It really allows you to do alternating current calculations much as you'd do DC calculations with resistors, quite poweful. It must have been all the rage in the 1950s.

This was the first major commercial computer hit. Stlil vacuum tube-based.

Most notable example: gallium arsenide, see also: gallium arsenide vs silicon.

An important class of semiconductors, e.g. there is a dedicated III-V lab at: École Polytechnique: www.3-5lab.fr/contactus.php

Ice is the name of one of the solid phases of water.

In informal contexts, it usually refers to the phase of ice observed in atmospheric pressure, Ice I_h.

visualizing the Riemann hypothesis and analytic continuation by 3Blue1Brown (2016) is a good quick visual non-mathematical introduction is to it.

One of the Millennium Prize Problems and Hilbert's problems.

Split in the spectral line when a magnetic field is applied.

Non-anomalous: number of splits matches predictions of the Schrödinger equation about the number of possible states with a given angular momentum. TODO does it make numerical predictions?

Anomalous: evidence of spin.

www.pas.rochester.edu/~blackman/ast104/zeeman-split.html contains the hello world that everyone should know: 2p splits into 3 energy levels, so you see 3 spectral lines from 1s to 2p rather than just one.

p splits into 3, d into 5, f into 7 and so on, i.e. one for each possible azimuthal quantum number.

It also mentions that polarization effects become visible from this: each line is polarized in a different way. TODO more details as in an experiment to observe this.

Well explained at: Video "Quantum Mechanics 7a - Angular Momentum I by ViaScience (2013)".

From effect of a change of basis on the matrix of a bilinear form, remember that a change of basis $C$ modifies the matrix representation of a bilinear form as:

So, by taking $S=C^T$, we understand that two matrices being congruent means that they can both correspond to the same bilinear form in different bases.