How to use a single source multiple times in a Wikipedia article? Updated 2025-07-16
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Footnotes#Footnotes:_using_a_source_more_than_once gives the following method:
Definition, anywhere on article, likely ideally as the first usage:
<ref name="myname">{{cite web ...}}</ref>And then you can use it later on as:which automatically expands the exact same thing, or using the shortcut:
<ref name="myname" />{{r|myname}}To cite multiple pages of a book: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Citing_multiple_pages_of_the_same_source, the best method is to define and use the reference without adding the Do not set the page in or for multiple pages:
p or location in cite as:<ref name="googleStory">{{cite book |title=The Google Story}}</ref>{{rp|p=123}}cite, otherwise it shows up on the references. Instead we use the {{rp}} template. And then use the reference with the {{r}} template as:{{r|googleStory|p=456}}{{r|googleStory|pp=123, 156-158}} How to view only posts by followed on Facebook feed? Updated 2025-07-16
Circa 2023, the feed is an unbearable list of stupid suggestions, never-ending idiotic memes, and you just end up missing posts you actually care about from people you actually follow.
- www.komando.com/social-media/facebook-customized-feeds/847500/
- www.quora.com/How-do-I-limit-my-news-feed-to-friends-only-on-Facebook
- www.youtube.com/watch?v=SIA8VydqiNQ OK they split their feed into multiple feeds. However on page follows www.facebook.com/?filter=pages&sk=h_chr you very quickly reach:the history doesn't go back even a few days as of November 2023! And the favorites feed www.facebook.com/?filter=favorites&sk=h_chr is more explicit on their ridiculous timing:OMG!
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At the time of the experiment, Illumina equipment was cheaper per base pair and dominates the human genome sequencing market, but it required a much higher initial investment for the equipment (TODO how much).
The reusable Nanopore device costs just about 500 dollars, and about 500 dollars (50 unit volume) for the single usage flow cell which can decode up to 30 billion base pairs, which is about 10 human genomes 1x! Note that 1x is basically useless for one of the most important of all applications of sequencing: detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, since the error rate would be too high to base clinical decisions on.
Compare that to Illumina which is currently doing about an 1000 dollar human genome at 30x, and a bit less errors per base pair (TODO how much).
Other advantages of the MinION over Illumina which didn't really matter to this particular experiment are:
- portability for e.g. to do analysis on the field near infections outbreaks. Compare that to the smallest Illumina sequencer currently available in 2019, the iSeq 100: Figure 1. "Illumina iSeq 100 DNA sequencer".
- long reads which can be necessary for long repetitive regions, see also: Section "Sequence alignment"
Hugging Face Updated 2025-07-16
Interesting website, hosts mostly:
- datasets
- ANN models
- some live running demos called "apps": e.g. huggingface.co/spaces/ronvolutional/ai-pokemon-card
What's the point of this website vs GitHub? www.reddit.com/r/MLQuestions/comments/ylf4be/whats_the_deal_with_hugging_faces_popularity/
Human game used for AI training Updated 2025-07-16
This section is about games initially designed for humans, but which ended up being used in AI development as well, e.g.:
- board games such as chess and Go
- video games such as Minecraft or old Video game console games
Hund's rules Updated 2025-07-16
Allow us to determine with good approximation in a multi-electron atom which electron configuration have more energy. It is a bit like the Aufbau principle, but at a finer resolution.
Note that this is not trivial since there is no explicit solution to the Schrödinger equation for multi-electron atoms like there is for hydrogen.
For example, consider carbon which has electron configuration 1s2 2s2 2p2.
Hydrogen emission spectrum Updated 2025-07-16
HyperCard Updated 2025-07-16
Oxford Nanopore Technologies Updated 2025-07-16
They put a lot of emphasis into base calling. E.g.:
- they have used FPGAs to accelerate it on certain models: twitter.com/nanopore/status/841671404588302338, sampe engineer: www.linkedin.com/in/balaji-renganathan-31b98415/
Oxford physics course handbook Updated 2025-07-16
The normal navigation to them was paywalled, but the static files are served without login checks if you know their URL. One way to go about it is to search by prefix on the Wayback Machine: web.archive.org/web/*/https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/*
The last handbooks we can find are 2020/2021, they might have move to a new more properly paywalled location after that year.
- 2020/2021:
- Year 1: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y1-ug-handbook-2020-2021-final-47501.pdf
- Year 2: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y2-ug-handbook-2020-2021-final-47495.pdf
- Year 3: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y3-ug-handbook-2020-2021-final-47496.pdf
- Year 4: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y4-ug-handbook-2020-2021-final-47497.pdf
- Physics and Philosophy: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/pphandbook-47524.pdf
- 2019/2020. They seem to have split the handbook up per year after some point.
- Year 1: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y1-ug-handbook-2019-2020-final-8october2019-45541.pdf
- Year 2: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y2-ug-handbook-2019-2020-final-8-october2019-45542.pdf
- Year 3: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y3-ug-handbook-2019-2020-updated-21november2019-45955.pdf
- Year 4: www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/contentblock/2011/06/03/y4-ug-handbook-2019-2020-final-8october2019-45544.pdf
Pageviews Analysis Updated 2025-07-16
Cool tool that allows you to graphically visualize page view counts of specific pages. It offers somewhat similar insights to Google Trends.
Homepage: pageviews.wmcloud.org/
Documentation: meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Pageviews_Analysis#Massviews
The homepage shows views of selected pages, e.g. when Google had their 25th birthday: pageviews.wmcloud.org/?project=en.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&agent=user&redirects=0&start=2023-09-11&end=2023-10-01&pages=Cat|Dog|Larry_Page Larry Page briefly beat "Cat" and "Dog".
/topviews shows the most viewed pages for a given month: pageviews.wmcloud.org/topviews/?project=en.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&date=2023-08&excludes= It is extremelly epic that XXX: Return of Xander Cage, a 2017 film, is on the top ten of the August 2023 month. The page was around 8th place on a Google search for "xxx": archive.ph/wip/giRY8 at the time. XXXX (beer) was also on the top 20, followed by Sex on 21. Parameters of the Standard Model Updated 2025-07-16
The growing number of parameters of the Standard Model is one big source of worry for early 21st century physics, much like the growing number of particles was a worry in the beginning of the 20th (but that one was solved by 2020).
IBM 700/7000 series Updated 2025-07-16
Illumina Updated 2025-07-16
The by far dominating DNA sequencing company of the late 2000's and 2010's due to having the smallest cost per base pair.
To understand how Illumina's technology works basically, watch this video: Video 1. "Illumina Sequencing by Synthesis by Illumina (2016)".
Illumina Sequencing by Synthesis by Illumina (2016)
Source. The key innovation of this method is the Bridge amplification step, which produces a large amount of identical DNA strands.
ImageMagick Updated 2025-07-16
Paraphyletic subgroup Updated 2025-07-16
Parasites tend to have smaller DNAs Updated 2025-07-16
If you live in the relatively food abundant environment of another cell, then you don't have to be able to digest every single food source in existence, of defend against a wide range of predators.
So because DNA replication is a key limiting factor of bacterial replication time, you just reduce your genome to a minimum.
Power, Sex, Suicide by Nick Lane (2006) section "Gene loss as an evolutionary trajectory" puts it well:and also section "How to lose the cell wall without dying" page 184 has some related mentions:
One of the most extreme examples of gene loss is Rickettsia prowazekii, the cause of typhus. [...] Over evolutionary time Rickettsia has lost most of its genes, and now has a mere protein-coding genes left. [...] Rickettsia is a tiny bacterium, almost as small as a virus, which lives as a parasite inside other cells. It is so well adapted to this lifestyle that it can no longer survive outside its host cells. [...] It was able to lose most of its genes in this way simply because they were not needed: life inside other cells, if you can survive there at all, is a spoonfed existence.
While many types of bacteria do lose their cell wall during parts of their life cycle only two groups of prokaryotes have succeeded in losing their cell walls permanently, yet lived to tell the tale. It's interesting to consider the extenuating circumstances that permitted them to do so.[...]One group, the Mycoplasma, comprises mostly parasites, many of which live inside other cells. Mycoplasma cells are tiny, with very small genomes. M. genitalium, discovered in 1981, has the smallest known genome of any bacterial cell, encoding fewer than 500 genes. M. genitalium, discovered in 1981, has the smallest known genome of any bacterial cell, encoding fewer than 500 genes. [...] Like Rickettsia, Mycoplasma have lost virtually all the genes required for making nucleotides, amino acids, and so forth.
Paris Updated 2025-07-16
Ciro Santilli lived in Paris for a few years between 2013 and 2016, and he can confirm the uncontroversial fact that "Paris is Magic".
Not just one type of magic though. Every quarter in Paris has its own unique personality that sets it apart and gives it a different mood.
Ciro knows Paris not from its historical facts, but from the raw feeling of endless walks through its streets in different times of the year. Ciro is a walker.
Maybe one day Ciro will expand this section to try and convey into words his feelings of love for the city, but maybe the effort would be pointless. Maybe such feelings can only be felt by other free-roaming walker souls living in the city, and that is both beautiful and a shame.
Ciro had written the following in the past before he lived in smaller cities, started cycling and joined the Street reclamation movement he thought:Perhaps compared to São Paulo City, which is what he knew before that was true. But no, his standards have improved since. Paris has way too many cars. The noise of internal combustion engine vehicles is extremely annoying. And because there are too many personal vehicles, cars have to horn a lot to fight for space. Fuck cars. Paris has been making a big cycling push in the early 2020's, and that is great. But it is still far, far from good.
Paris is a friendly city to walkers, as it is not too large, and does not have too many extremely busy roads, you can basically cross all of it on foot.
Particle accelerator facility Updated 2025-07-16
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