This mostly faceless German dude is awesome!
From Raw Crystal to Crystal oscillator
. Source. by United States Army Signal Corps (1943)Notably used to connect:
- pin headers
- breadboard holes
You can buy large sets of them in combitation of male/male, male/female, female/female. Male/male is perhaps the most important
Only certain battery voltages exist, because this voltage depends intrinsically on the battery's chemical composition.
learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/battery-technologies/all (CC BY-SA) has a very good summary list, reordered from lowest to highest voltage:
| Battery Shape | Chemistry | Nominal Voltage | Rechargeable? |
|---|---|---|---|
| AA, AAA, C, D (Rechargeable) | NiMH or NiCd | 1.2V | Yes |
| AA, AAA, C, and D | Alkaline or Zinc-carbon | 1.5V | No |
| Coin Cell | Lithium | 3V | No |
| Silver Flat Pack | Lithium Polymer (LiPo) | 3.7V | Yes |
| 9V | Alkaline or Zinc-carbon | 9V | No |
| Car Battery | Six-cell lead acid | 12.6V | Yes |
Many/most microcontroller boards have analog-to-digital converters built into them, it is very convenient. E.g. it is the case for the Raspberry Pi Pico.
The dominating model of a computer.
The model is extremely simple, but has been proven to be able to solve all the problems that any reasonable computer model can solve, thus its adoption as the "default model".
The smallest known Turing machine that cannot be proven to halt or not as of 2019 is 7,918-states: www.scottaaronson.com/blog/?p=2725. Shtetl-Optimized by Scott Aaronson is just the best website.
A bunch of non-reasonable-looking computers have also been proven to be Turing complete for fun, e.g. Magic: The Gathering.
This is the lowest level of abstraction computer, at which the basic gates and power are described.
At this level, you are basically thinking about the 3D layered structure of a chip, and how to make machines that will allow you to create better, usually smaller, gates.
There are unlisted articles, also show them or only show them.