Universal Quantum by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
As of 2021, their location is a small business park in Haywards Heath, about 15 minutes north of Brighton[ref]
Funding rounds:
Co-founders:
Homepage says only needs cooling to 70 K. So it doesn't work with liquid nitrogen which is 77 K?
Homepage points to foundational paper: www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1601540
Video 1.
Universal Quantum emerges out of stealth by University of Sussex (2020)
Source.
Explains that a more "traditional" trapped ion quantum computer would user "pairs of lasers", which would require a lot of lasers. Their approach is to try and do it by applying voltages to a microchip instead.
Video 2.
Quantum Computing webinar with Sebastian Weidt by Green Lemon Company (2020)
The sound quality is to bad to stop and listen to, but it presumaby shows the coding office in the background. Source.
Video 3.
Fireside Chat with with Sebastian Weidt by Startup Grind Brighton (2022)
Source.
Very basic target audience:
Google Quantum AI by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Google's quantum hardware/software effort.
The "AI" part is just prerequisite buzzword of the AI boom era for any project and completely bullshit.
According to job postings such as: archive.ph/wip/Fdgsv their center is in Goleta, California, near Santa Barbara. Though Google tends to promote it more as Santa Barbara, see e.g. Daniel's t-shirt at Video "Building a quantum computer with superconducting qubits by Daniel Sank (2019)".
Video 1.
Control of transmon qubits using a cryogenic CMOS integrated circuit (QuantumCasts) by Google (2020)
Source. Fantastic video, good photos of the Google Quantum AI setup!
IBM Quantum Computing by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
The term "IBM Q" has been used in some promotional material as of 2020, e.g.: www.ibm.com/mysupport/s/topic/0TO50000000227pGAA/ibm-q-quantum-computing?language=en_US though the fuller form "IBM Quantum Computing" is somewhat more widely used.
Rigetti Computing by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
Forest: an Operating System for Quantum Computing by Guen Prawiroatmodjo (2017)
Source. The title of the talk is innapropriate, this is a very basic overview of the entire Rigetti Computing stack. Still some fine mentions. Her name is so long, TODO origin? She later moved to Microsoft Quantum: www.linkedin.com/in/gueneverep/.
PsiQuantum by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Good talk by CEO before starting the company which gives insight on what they are very likely doing: Video "Jeremy O'Brien: "Quantum Technologies" by GoogleTechTalks (2014)"
PsiQuantum appears to be particularly secretive, even more than other startups in the field.
They want to reuse classical semiconductor fabrication technologies, notably they have close ties to GlobalFoundries.
So he went to the US and raised N times more from the American military-industrial complex.
Atom Computing by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
These people are cool.
They use optical tweezers to place individual atoms floating in midair, and then do stuff to entangle their nuclear spins.
Carl Zeiss AG by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Video 1.
Carl Zeiss, Explained by Asianometry (2021)
Source.
Video 2.
How Carl Zeiss Crafts Optics for a $150 Million EUV Machine
. Source. Difficulty: light at those frequencies get absorbed by lenses. So you have to use mirrors instead.
This is where "fun" stuff is likely to be.
Express.js by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
This doesn't do a hole lot. Ciro Santilli wouldn't really call it a web framework. It's more like a middleware. Real web frameworks are built on top of it.
Examples under: nodejs/express:
A live example on Heroku can be seen at: github.com/cirosantilli/heroku-node-min
FeathersJS by Ciro Santilli 40 Updated 2025-07-16
Looks interesting.
It seems to abstract the part about the client messaging the backend, which focuses on being able to easily plug in a number of Front-end web framework to manage client state.
Has the "main web API is the same as the REST API" focus, which is fundamental 2020-nowadays.
Uses Socket.IO, which allows the client Javascript to register callbacks when data is updated to achieve Socket.IO, e.g. their default chat app does:
client.service('messages').on('created', addMessage);
so that message appear immediately as they are sent.
Their standard template from feathers generate app on @feathersjs/[email protected] includes:
which looks promising! They don't have a default template for a Front-end web framework however unfortunately: docs.feathersjs.com/guides/frameworks.html#the-feathers-chat lists a few chat app versions, which is their hello world:
But it is in itself a completely boring app with a single splash page, and no database interaction, so not a good showcase. The actual showcase app is feathersjs/feathers-chat.
And there is no official example of the chat app that is immediately deployable to Heroku: FeathersJS Heroku deployment, all setups require thinking.
Global source entry point: determine on package.json as usual, defaults to src/index.js.
The idea is cool. It really unifies front-and back end.
But Ciro Santilli feels the approach proposed by FeathersJS of being a glue between bigger third-party Front-end web frameworks like React and backend (object-relational mapping) is more promising and flexible.

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