Same value if you swap any input arguments.
National Center for Biotechnology Information by
Ciro Santilli 37 Updated 2025-05-23 +Created 1970-01-01
In plain English: the space has no visible holes. If you start walking less and less on each step, you always converge to something that also falls in the space.
One notable example where completeness matters: Lebesgue integral of is complete but Riemann isn't.
Ahh, this dude is just like Ciro Santilli, trying to create the ultimate natural sciences encyclopedia!
An impossible AI-complete dream!
It is impossible to understand speech, and take meaningful actions from it, if you don't understand what is being talked about.
The dual space of a vector space , sometimes denoted , is the vector space of all linear forms over with the obvious addition and scalar multiplication operations defined.
Since a linear form is completely determined by how it acts on a basis, and since for each basis element it is specified by a scalar, at least in finite dimension, the dimension of the dual space is the same as the , and so they are isomorphic because all vector spaces of the same dimension on a given field are isomorphic, and so the dual is quite a boring concept in the context of finite dimension.
Infinite dimension seems more interesting however, see: en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dual_space&oldid=1046421278#Infinite-dimensional_case
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