For the love of God, on Ubuntu install from the official AppImage downloaded from electrum.org/#download, not this random outdated Snap snapcraft.io/electrum:
Quick overview at stackoverflow.com/questions/1780599/what-is-the-meaning-of-posix/31865755#31865755
Exmples under c/posix:
- c/posix/signal_return.c: stackoverflow.com/questions/37063212/where-does-signal-handler-return-back-to
- c/posix/inet/pton.c:
inet_ptondemo. Adapted fromman inet_ptonon Ubuntu 23.04. Usage:Output:./pton.out 192.187.1.42So we see that the strings was converted to an integer, e.g.:0xc0bb012aSee also: stackoverflow.com/questions/1680622/ip-address-to-integer-c/76520978#76520978- 0xc0 = 192
- 0xbb = 187
- 0x01 = 1
- 0x2a = 42
- c/posix/inet/ntop.c:
inet_ntopdemo. Adapted fromman inet_ptonon Ubuntu 23.04. Usage:Output:./ntop.out 0x01021AA0./ntop.out 0x01021AA0
Gathering key points from the articles by 
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-04-05 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-04-05 +Created 1970-01-01citizenlab.ca/2022/09/statement-on-the-fatal-flaws-found-in-a-defunct-cia-covert-communications-system/ did an investigation and found 885 such websites, but decided not to disclose the list or methods:The question is which website. E.g. at citizenlab.ca/2021/07/hooking-candiru-another-mercenary-spyware-vendor-comes-into-focus/ they used data from Censys.citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/ mentions scans.io/. citizenlab.ca/2020/12/running-in-circles-uncovering-the-clients-of-cyberespionage-firm-circles/ mentions: www.shodan.io/, Censys really seems to be their thing.
Using only a single website, as well as publicly available material such as historical internet scanning results and the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine, we identified a network of 885 websites and have high confidence that the United States (US) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) used these sites for covert communication.The websites included similar Java, JavaScript, Adobe Flash, and CGI artifacts that implemented or apparently loaded covert communications apps. In addition, blocks of sequential IP addresses registered to apparently fictitious US companies were used to host some of the websites. All of these flaws would have facilitated discovery by hostile parties.The websites, which purported to be news, weather, sports, healthcare, and other legitimate websites, appeared to be localized to at least 29 languages and geared towards at least 36 countries.
We searched historical data from Censys
Another critical excerpt is:This basically implies that they must have found some communication layer level identifier, e.g. IP registration, domain name registration, or certificate because it is impossible to believe that real agent names would have been present on the website content itself!
The bulk of the websites that we discovered were active at various periods between 2004 and 2013. We do not believe that the CIA has recently used this communications infrastructure. Nevertheless, a subset of the websites are linked to individuals who may be former and possibly still active intelligence community employees or assets:Given that we cannot rule out ongoing risks to CIA employees or assets, we are not publishing full technical details regarding our process of mapping out the network at this time. As a first step, we intend to conduct a limited disclosure to US Government oversight bodies.
- Several are currently abroad
- Another left mainland China in the time frame of the Chinese crackdown
- Another was subsequently employed by the US State Department
- Another now works at a foreign intelligence contractor
The websites were used from at least as early as August 2008, as per Gholamreza Hosseini's account, and the system was only shutdown in 2013 apparently. citizenlab.ca/2022/09/statement-on-the-fatal-flaws-found-in-a-defunct-cia-covert-communications-system/ however claims that they were used since as early as 2004.
Notably, so as to be less suspicious the websites are often in the language of the country for which they were intended, so we can often guess which country they were intended for!
The Reuters article directly reported only two domains in writing:
- iraniangoals.com. Iranian language football website. As of 2023, the domain had been bought by Reuters and redirects to their website.
- iraniangoalkicks.com. Iranian language football website. Available in GoDaddy as of 2023.
But by looking at the URLs of the screenshots they provided from other websites we can easily uncover all others that had screenshots, except for the Johnny Carson one, which is just generically named. E.g. the image for the Chinese one is www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/assets/usa-spies-iran/screencap-activegaminginfo.com.jpg?v=192516290922 which leads us to domain activegaminginfo.com.
Also none of those extra ones have any Google hits except for huge domain dumps such has Expired domain trackers, so maybe this counts as little bit of novel public research.
The full list of domains from screenshots is:
activegaminginfo.com: Chinese gaming information website.2011 archive: web.archive.org/web/20110208113503/http://activegaminginfo.com/. Contains mentions of 2010.Domain available in GoDaddy as of 2023.- As of 2023, it seemed to be an actual legit photography website by German (amateur?) photographer Klaus Wägele. Archive: web.archive.org/web/20230323102504/https://www.capture-nature.com/Ciro Santilli actually sent him a message to let him know about the CIA thing in case he didn't, and he replied that he wasn't aware of it.
www.headlines2day.com: Iranian language news website.2011 archive: web.archive.org/web/20110201164741/https://www.headlines2day.com/. Dated "Copyright 2009".As of 2023, this was a completly broken-looking news website but in English entitled:2023 archive: web.archive.org/web/20230121191348/https://www.headlines2day.com/. It makes one wonder if the CIA still operates it!Today's Headlines
fitness-dawg.com: English fitness website.2021 archive: web.archive.org/web/20110207104044/http://fitness-dawg.com/.Domain available as of 2023.rastadirect.net: English Rastafari culture website.2010 archive: web.archive.org/web/20100429002010/http://rastadirect.net/ dated as "Copyright 2008".Domain available as of 2023.fightwithoutrules.com: Russian fighting website.2011 archive: web.archive.org/web/20110203021315/http://fightwithoutrules.com/. Contains mentions of 2009 news.Domain available as of 2023.alljohnny.com: Johnny Carson fansiteDomain available as of 2023.
This brings up to 8 known domain names with Wayback Machine archives, plus the yet unidentified Johnny Carlson one, see also: Section "Searching for Carson", which is also almost certainly is on Wayback Machine somewhere given that they have a screenshot of it.
From The Reuters websites and others we've found, we can establish see some clear stylistic trends across the websites which would allow us to find other likely candidates upon inspection:The most notable dissonance from the rest of the web is that there are no commercial looking website of companies, presumably because it was felt that it would be possible to verify the existence of such companies.
- natural sounding, sometimes long-ish, domain names generally with 2 or 3 full words. Most in English language, but a few in Spanish, and very few in other languages like French.
- shallow websites with a few tabs, many external links, sometimes many images, and few internal pages
- lots of rectangular images make up the top bar banner image. Stock images are often used to make the full image, and then the full image is split. An example
- common themes include:
- news
- hobbies, notably sports, travel and photography. Golf seems overrepresented. Must be a thing over there in Langley.
- .com and .net top-level domains, plus a few other very rare non .com .net TLDs, notably .info and .org
- each one has one "communication mechanism file": communication mechanisms
- narrow page width like in the days of old, lots of images
- each hit domain is the only domain for its IP, i.e. the websites are all private hosted, no shared web hosting service examples have been found so far
- split images images: many of the website banners are composed of several images cut up. Stock images were first assembled into the banner, and then the resulting image was cut. Possibly this was done to make reverse image search to their stock image provider harder. But it somewhat backfired and serves as a good marker that confirms authorship. Maybe it is some kind of outdated web design thing, which they took much further in time than the average website, like the JAR. Their websites do appear to follow common style guidelines form earlier eras, around the early 2000s notably, some legit sites that look a lot like hits:
- some common pattern they follow in their news lists:
ul.rss-items > li.rss-item, e.g.: web.archive.org/web/20110202092126/http://beamingnews.com/- links with class
a.newslinkanda.newslinkalte.g. web.archive.org/web/20110128181622/http://profile-news.com/
It would be fun to actually reverse search into one of their stock image provider's original images. Ones we've found:
One promising way to find more of those would be with IP searches, since it was stated in the Reuters article that the CIA made the terrible mistake of using several contiguous IP blocks for those website. What a phenomenal OPSEC failure!!!
The easiest way would be if Wayback Machine itself had an IP search function, but we couldn't find one: Search Wayback Machine by IP.
viewdns.info was the first easily accessible website that Ciro Santilli could find that contained such information.
Our current results indicate that the typical IP range is about 30 IPs wide.
E.g. searching: viewdns.info/iphistory and considering only hits from 2011 or earlier we obtain:
- capture-nature.com
- 65.61.127.163 - Greenacres - United States - TierPoint - 2013-10-19
- activegaminginfo.com
- 66.175.106.148 - United States - Verizon Business - 2012-03-03
- iraniangoals.com
- 68.178.232.100 - United States - GoDaddy.com - 2011-11-13
- 69.65.33.21 - Flushing - United States - GigeNET - 2011-09-08
- rastadirect.net
- 68.178.232.100 - United States - GoDaddy.com - 2011-05-02
- iraniangoalkicks.com
- 68.178.232.100 - United States - GoDaddy.com - 2011-04-04
- headlines2day.com
- 118.139.174.1 - Singapore - Web Hosting Service - 2013-06-30. Source: viewdns.info
- 184.168.221.91 2013-08-12T06:17:39. Source: 2013 DNS Census grep
- fightwithoutrules.com
- 204.11.56.25 - British Virgin Islands - Confluence Networks Inc - 2013-09-26
- 208.91.197.19 - British Virgin Islands - Confluence Networks Inc - 2013-05-20
- 212.4.17.38 - Milan - Italy - MCI Worldcom Italy Spa - 2012-03-03
- fitness-dawg.com
- 219.90.62.243 - Taiwan - Verizon Taiwan Co. Limited - 2012-01-11
Neither of these seem to be in the same ranges, the only common nearby hit amongst these ranges is the exact
68.178.232.100, and doing reverse IP search at viewdns.info/reverseip/?host=68.178.232.100&t=1 states that it has 2.5 million hostnames associated to it, so it must be some kind of Shared web hosting service, see also: superuser.com/questions/577070/is-it-possible-for-many-domain-names-to-share-one-ip-address, which makes search hard.Ciro then tried some of the other IPs, and soon hit gold.
Initially, Ciro started by doing manual queries to viewdns.info/reversip until his IP was blocked. Then he created an account and used his 250 free queries with the following helper script: cia-2010-covert-communication-websites/viewdns-info.sh. The output of that script can be seen at: github.com/cirosantilli/media/blob/master/cia-2010-covert-communication-websites/viewdns-info.sh.
Ciro then found 2013 DNS Census which contained data highly disjoint form the viewdns-info one!
Summaries of the IP range exploration done so far follows, combined data from all databases above.
This is a dark art, and many of the sources are shady as fuck! We often have no idea of their methodology. Also no source is fully complete. We just piece up as best we can.
In order to explore IPs in known IP ranges, what we need are good DNS databases.
- www.zone-h.org/archive/ip=208.76.80.93/page=11?hz=1 mentions
newsupdatesite.comand mentions "defacement", the "Mass Deface III" pastebin comes to mind. No other nearby hits on quick inspection.
In this section we document the outcomes of more detailed inspection of both the communication mechanisms (JavaScript, JAR, swf) and HTML that might help to better fingerprint the websites.
Google searches for known domains and IPs by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-04-05 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-04-05 +Created 1970-01-01Googling most domains gives only very few results, and most of them are just useless lists of expired domains. Skipping those for now.
Googling
"dedrickonline.com" has a git at www.webwiki.de/dedrickonline.com# Furthermore, it also contains the IP address "65.61.127.174" under the "Technik" tab!Unfortunately that website appears to be split by language? E.g. the English version does not contain it: www.webwiki.com/dedrickonline.com, which would make searching a bit harder, but still doable.
But if we can Google search those IPs there, we might just hit gold.
IP search did work! www.webwiki.de/65.61.127.174
But doesn't often/ever work unfortunately for others.
Searching on github.com: github.com/DrWhax/cia-website-comms by Jurre van Bergen from September 2022 contains some of the links to some of the ones reported by Reuters including some of their JARs, presumably for reversing purposees. Pinged him at: github.com/DrWhax/cia-website-comms/issues/1
Summary: this is just a red herring. Wakatime owner likely registered the domains just after this article was published as a publicity stunt. Fair play though.
As raised at: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36280666, many, but not all, of the domains currently redirect to wakatime.com/ as of 2023, and apparently they were taken up in 2013 (TODO how to confirm that). TODO what is the explanation for that? Some examples that do:But some failed resolution examples:Even more suspiciously, according to his LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/in/alanhamlett/, the owner of Wakatime, Alan Hamlett, worked at WhiteHat Security, Inc from Aug 2011 - Sep 2013. The company was then acquired by Synopsys in 2022. Holy crap!!! As shown at: web.archive.org/web/20131013193406/https://www.whitehatsec.com/ that company made website security tools. Did that dude use the tools to find the vulnerabilty and then just gobble up all the domains??? What a fucking legend if he did!!!
Let's try:
Running e.g.gives:so we see that he must have setup redirection with Namecheap as mentioned at: www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/385/2237/how-to-redirect-a-url-for-a-domain/
curl -vvv dedrickonline.com* Trying 162.255.119.197:80...
* Connected to dedrickonline.com (162.255.119.197) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: dedrickonline.com
> User-Agent: curl/7.88.1
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Date: Mon, 12 Jun 2023 20:30:19 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< Content-Length: 55
< Connection: keep-alive
< Location: https://wakatime.com
< X-Served-By: Namecheap URL Forward
< Server: namecheap-nginx
<
<a href='https://wakatime.com'>Moved Permanently</a>.
* Connection #0 to host dedrickonline.com left intactLet's also try DNS history
- whoisrequest.com/history/:
- dedrickonline.com: registered: 1 Nov, 2010, dropped: 24 Nov, 2013
- activegaminginfo.com : registered: 1 Feb, 2010, dropped: 1 Apr, 2012
- tools.whoisxmlapi.com/whois-history-search
- dedrickonline.com:
- CIA (registrar: Godaddy, registrant name: domainsbyproxy.com)
- Created Date: October 27, 2010 00:00:00 UTC
- Updated Date: October 28, 2013 00:00:00 UTC
- Expires Date: October 27, 2014 00:00:00 UTC
- Alan (namecheap):
- Created Date: June 11, 2023 09:59:25 UTC
- Expires Date: June 11, 2024 09:59:25 UTC
- CIA (registrar: Godaddy, registrant name: domainsbyproxy.com)
- activegaminginfo.com:
- CIA (Network Solutions, registrant name: LLC. Corral, Elizabeth|ATTN ACTIVEGAMINGINFO.COM|care of Network Solutions)
- Created Date: January 26, 2010 00:00:00 UTC
- Updated Date: November 27, 2010 00:00:00 UTC
- Expires Date: January 26, 2012 00:00:00 UTC
- Alan:
- Created Date: June 11, 2023 09:59:40 UTC
- Expires Date: June 11, 2024 09:59:40 UTC
- CIA (Network Solutions, registrant name: LLC. Corral, Elizabeth|ATTN ACTIVEGAMINGINFO.COM|care of Network Solutions)
- iraniangoalkicks.com:
- CIA (registrar: Godaddy, registrant name: domainsbyproxy.com)
- Created Date: April 9, 2007 00:00:00 UTC
- Updated Date: March 2, 2011 00:00:00 UTC
- Expires Date: April 9, 2011 00:00:00 UTC
- Alan:
- Created Date: June 11, 2023 09:59:20 UTC
- Expires Date: June 11, 2024 09:59:20 UTC
- CIA (registrar: Godaddy, registrant name: domainsbyproxy.com)
- iraniangoals.com:
- CIA (registrar: Godaddy, registrant name: domainsbyproxy.com):
- Created Date: March 6, 2008 00:00:00 UTC
- Updated Date: March 7, 2011 00:00:00 UTC
- Expires Date: March 6, 2014 00:00:00 UTC
- Reuters:
- Created Date: September 29, 2022 11:16:09 UTC
- Updated Date: September 29, 2022 11:16:09 UTC
- Expires Date: September 29, 2023 11:16:09 UTC
- CIA (registrar: Godaddy, registrant name: domainsbyproxy.com):
- dedrickonline.com:
So these suggest Alan might have just come along in 2023 way after the 2022 Reuters article and did the same basic IP range search that Ciro is doing now, so possibly no new tech. Let's ask... twitter.com/cirosantilli/status/1668369786865164289
The domain name history presented is however of interest, and could lead to patterns being found.
Searching tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search with term "Corral, Elizabeth" gave no results unfortunately.
Basic search under tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search for "Corral" also empty. They can't see their own data? Ah, need advanced. Marked "Historic" and selected "Corral, Elizabeth", ony one hit, activegaminginfo.com.
Some dumps from us looking for patterns, but could not find any.
Sources of whois history include:
- whois-history.whoisxmlapi.com/ from whoisXMLAPI. Notably they also have historical reverse WHOIS... tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search but it needs credits. TODO we need to squeeze this a but further at some point.
When that data comes in JSON format as from whoisXMLAPI, we are going to just dump it in github.com/cirosantilli/media/blob/master/cia-2010-covert-communication-websites/whois.json
The vast majority of domains seem to be registered either via domainsbyproxy.com which likely intgrates with Godaddy and is widely used, and seems to give zero infromation at all about the registrar.
A much smaller number however uses other methods, some of which sometimes leak a little bit of data:Big question: webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/13237/how-do-you-view-domain-whois-history DomainTools also has it.
- Network Solutions, LLC. These sometimes give a tiny bit of information: one name. Other times they are hidden behind Perfect Privacy, LLC. Examples>Pulley, Tammy
- alljohnny.net: L. Glaze. tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search "Glaze, L." has
- webstorageforme.com. web.archive.org/web/20130917230604/http://webstorageforme.com/ broken, cqcounter.com/whois/www/webstorageforme.com.html blank
- welcometonyc.net. Hit!
- international-smallbusiness.com. Same IP as alljohnny.net and quite possibly hit..
- alljohnny.com. Hit!
- locateontheweb.com. cqcounter.com/whois/www/locateontheweb.com.html broken/test page
- rolling-in-rapids.com. web.archive.org/web/20111101080224/rolling-in-rapids.com no archives but cqcounter.com/whois/www/rolling-in-rapids.com.html hit style! viewdns.info/iphistory/?domain=rolling-in-rapids.com puts it at:
- 208.91.197.132 British Virgin Islands CONFLUENCE-NETWORK-INC 2014-01-31
- 65.218.91.9 United States UUNET 2013-12-20 so matchwith welcometonyc.com but not listed at viewdns.info/reverseip/?t=1&host=65.218.91.9 because of the viewdns.info reverse IP bug!
- differentviewtoday.com: tools.whoisxmlapi.com/whois-history-search kind of empty no name
but presumably these are the names of employees of the company? We are yet to see two identical names however, which also suggests fake names. Network Solutions appears to offer both hosting and domain registration, and the CIA seems to have used this service combo a lot.- golf-on-holiday.com: Pulley, Tammy. No tools.whoisxmlapi.com/whois-history-search reverse hits.
- intoworldnews.com: Benjamin McGrew. Only that hit for reverse name at tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search
- magneticfieldnews.com: Sarah Lowell tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search has 9 domains
- sarahlowell.com: web.archive.org/web/20110208130657/http://sarahlowell.com/ Yoga instructor.
- puppychallengesacademy.com
- sarahlowelldogtraining.com
- puppychallenges.com. web.archive.org/web/20130517151924/http://puppychallenges.com/ wordpress.
- puppychallenges.net
- realwomensduathlon.com. No archives of era: web.archive.org/web/20180808101430/http://realwomensduathlon.com/
- magneticfieldnews.com. Hit.
- highflyingagility.com. Legit? Service offer.
- ropies.com. web.archive.org/web/20111101080224/http://ropies.com/
- medicatechinfo.com: Jason Noll. Has the following hits at tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search
- dreamschemedesigns.com. Legit
- dreamschemedesigns.net
- aviationturbinesinternational.com. No relevant archives.
- garysluhan.com. Seems legit.
- cjlogic.com: registrar Godaddy (not Network Services!) and contact:
Noll, Jason noll.jason@gmail.com 104 Southridge Ct. Marthasville, Missouri 63357 United States (660) 441-0780 Fax -- - medicatechinfo.com. Hit.
- health-men-today.com. Hit. Holy fuck it has two hits out of 7!!!
- mydailynewsreport.com: Rebecca Melancon on tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search:
- rebecca-melancon.com. web.archive.org/web/20180808172531/http://rebecca-melancon.com/ pilates teacher
- swlabuyahome.net
- swlalistmyhome.net
- rebeccaworking4yousite.com
- mylakecharlescityguide.com
- swlalistmyhome.com
- rebeccaworking4you.com
- swlabuyahome.com
- calcasieuhouses.com web.archive.org/web/20111013212502/http://calcasieuhouses.com/. Wordpress. Copyright Rebecca Melancon, Equal Housing Opportunity.
Message from Rebecca
Welcome to Calcasieu Houses! Here you will find not only information about Real Estate in Calcasieu Parish & the Lake Charles area, but also information about the area itself. I am constantly adding content so please check back often. I can help you with relocation, buying, selling, as well as looking for a great restaurant or a new activity to do! There will be information on Lake Charles, Sulphur, Westlake, & Moss Bluff. If you have something you would like to see added to the website, please feel free to contact me!
- mydailynewsreport.com. Hit.
- plugged-into-news.net: Godfrey Hubbard. Searching tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search for two terms "Godfrey" "Hubbard" gives a small list of 20 domains including plugged-into-news.net. They all appear to have both words in them. Searching just "Hubbard, Godfrey" has only 3 hits:so it seems to match the strings exactly!
- hubbardgodfrey.online
- plugged-into-news.net
- hubbardgodfrey.com
- alljohnny.net: L. Glaze. tools.whoisxmlapi.com/reverse-whois-search "Glaze, L." has
- godaddy without domainsbyproxy.com: a few of the websites are registered in Godaddy without domainsbyproxy. These might be the ones that gives out the most information:
- baocontact.com
How on Earth did did Citizen Labs find what seems to be a DNS fingerprint??? Are there simply some very rare badly registered domains? What did they see!
This is the one used on MLperf v2.1 ResNet, likely one of the most popular choices out there.
2017 challenge subset:
- train: 118k images, 18GB
- validation: 5k images, 1GB
- test: 41k images, 6GB
Test buy 2023-04-10 in the UK:
- fee: 0.99 pounds, minimum buy: 1.99 pounds
- bought 10 pounds, minus 0.99 fee, totalled: 0.00039162 BTC (£8.92) presumably after further fees/spread
- bitcoin price on Google on that day: 22,777.54 GBP / BTC
- bitcoin transaction fees were about 2.7 BTC on that day
Sending 5 pounds to wallet
12dg2FaiZLp3VzDtLvwPinaKz41TQcEGbs- network fee: 0.00001989 BTC
- total bitcoin cost: -0.00023928 BTC
- new balance: 15,234 satoshi (39,162 - 23,928).
- total spent: £5.45
- time est.: about 30 minutes
This worked and I received 21939 satoshis (23928 - 1989) on Electrum on one of the outputs of transaction 1177268091cbeaacbcaac5dc4f6d1774c4ec11b4bcffafa555cd2775eafb954c.
Sending 1 satoshi back! The lowest fee in Electron is 1120 Satoshis targeting 25 blocks (4 hours). Let's do it. Failed, server forbids dust, minimum is 1000 satoshi. OK, sending 1000 satoshi, at 1139 fee.
CNN convolution kernels are also learnt by Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-04-05 +Created 1970-01-01
Ciro Santilli 35 Updated 2025-04-05 +Created 1970-01-01CNN convolution kernels are not hardcoded. They are learnt and optimized via backpropagation. You just specify their size! Example in PyTorch you'd do just:as used for example at: activatedgeek/LeNet-5.
nn.Conv2d(1, 6, kernel_size=(5, 5))This can also be inferred from: stackoverflow.com/questions/55594969/how-to-visualise-filters-in-a-cnn-with-pytorch where we see that the kernels are not perfectly regular as you'd expected from something hand coded.
This is about transactions that are interesting not because of their inscriptions, but for some other reason, such as transaction size, etc.
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