Dinanath Atmaram Dalvi

This page is actually on top of Google and Wikipedia doesn't say anything in a human parseable way. Cool tail end.


Cool, if you could write something fun about this dude that would be awesome

Many of the website banners are composed of several images cut up.

Often stock images were first assembled into the banner, and then the resulting image was cut.

Possibly this was done to make reverse image search to their stock image provider harder.

But it somewhat backfired and serves as a good marker that confirms authorship.

Maybe it is some kind of outdated web design thing, which they took much further in time than the average website, like the JAR.

Their websites do appear to follow common style guidelines form earlier eras, around the early 2000s notably, some legit sites that look a lot like hits:

An example:
* http://classicalmusicboxonline.com/images/banner_01.jpg
* http://classicalmusicboxonline.com/images/banner_02.jpg
* ...
* http://classicalmusicboxonline.com/images/banner_19.jpg
* http://classicalmusicboxonline.com/images/banner_20.jpg

* https://web.archive.org/web/20031002010827/http://www.ausiranstudy.com/

Looking at the source code of: https://web.archive.org/web/20130828122833/http://euronewsonline.net/euro_bus.php we noticed an interesting comment:
``

``
which presumably refers to Adobe ImageReady:
> Adobe ImageReady was a bitmap graphics editor that was shipped with Adobe Photoshop for six years. It was available for Windows, Classic Mac OS and Mac OS X from 1998 to 2007. ImageReady was designed for web development and closely interacted with Photoshop
A sample tutorial: https://people.goshen.edu/~paulmr/physix/326/imageready/slicendice.php

Some of the websites use CSS background images to populate the images, e.g. https://web.archive.org/web/20110201170354/http://ingenuitytrendz.com/[ingenuitytrendz.com] has HTML:
``
ingenuitytrendz.com/20110201170354/index.html: <li><a id="banner1">&nbsp;</a></li>
ingenuitytrendz.com/20110201170354/index.html: <li><a id="banner2">&nbsp;</a></li>
ingenuitytrendz.com/20110201170354/index.html: <li><a id="banner3">&nbsp;</a></li>
``
and then the CSS https://web.archive.org/web/20110201170405cs_/http://ingenuitytrendz.com/engineering.css[engineering.css] does:
``
#banner1 { background: url(/web/20110201170405im_/http://ingenuitytrendz.com/images/banner_01.jpg) no-repeat center; }
#banner2 { background: url(/web/20110201170405im_/http://ingenuitytrendz.com/images/banner_02.jpg) no-repeat center; }
#banner3 { background: url(/web/20110201170405im_/http://ingenuitytrendz.com/images/banner_03.jpg) no-repeat center; }
``

Split header images

CIA 2010 covert communication websites / Split header images

usually to get floats on https://meyerweb.com/eric/css/edge/raggedfloat/demo.html[ragged] or https://meyerweb.com/eric/css/edge/curvelicious/demo.html[curved] objects

https://eev.ee/blog/2020/02/01/old-css-new-css/[more on css history]


from what i know this was a semi-common thing in old web design

March 4 2024

I made an account on March 3.

As my very first task on this site, I wanted to edit my image. But I couldn't find the input field thingy for img urls so I SCOURED THE SOURCE CODE BEFORE I FOUND IT.

I'm dumb.

Thanks for reading.

P.S. I suppose this typo wasn't intentional?

\Image[https://i.redd.it/yeu2tgmla6mc1.png]
{title=Image of possible typo}
{height=150}
{width=800}


Welcome to ourbigbook.com | Meta

I forgot if I told you or not, but there it is, you can now just upload the image like a normal website.


Profile picture upload was implemented a few months ago btw

I shouldn't be doing this on funded <OurBigBook> time which is until the end of May, but I was getting too nervous and decided to start a casual job search to test the waters.

In particular I want to see if I can get past the HR lady step without toning down my online profiles. If nothing works out for the next round I'll be hiding anything too spicy like:
* prominently seeking funding for <OurBigBook> on my <LinkedIn> profile
* <CIA 2010 covert communication websites> references. This will be my first job hunt since I have published that article. Wish me luck.
* https://cirosantilli.com/china-dictatorship/gay-putin[gay Putin] profile picture on <Stack Overflow>
Another interesting point is to see if French companies are more likely to reply given that <Ciro Santilli> studied at <École Polytechnique> which the French worship.

\Image[https://web.archive.org/web/20240707132335im_/https://cdn.i-scmp.com/sites/default/files/styles/1200x800/public/images/methode/2017/04/06/0a2ae706-1a94-11e7-b4ed-ac719e54b474_1280x720_145124.jpg?itok=1PDxSxTA]
{title=https://cirosantilli.com/china-dictatorship/gay-putin[Gay Putin], currently used in <Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow profile>}
{description=Ciro's profiles may be a bit too much for the HR ladies who reject his job applications on the spot. To be fair, perhaps not enough years of experience for certain applications and job hopping may have something to do with it too. But since they don't ever tell you anything not to get sued, we'll never know.}

I'm looking in particular either for:
* <machine learning>-adjacent jobs in companies that seem to be doing something that could further <AGI>, e.g. <automatic code generation> or <robotics> would be ideal
* <quantum computing>
* <systems programming>, which is what I actually have work experience with

I spent the last two weeks doing that:
* one week browsing everything of interest in <London> and <Paris> and sending applications to anything that seemed both relevant and interesting. Maintaining an application list at: <Job application by Ciro Santilli>{full}.
* one week on a very laborious but somewhat interesting take home exercise for <Linux kernel> engineer a <Canonical (company)>, makers of <Ubuntu>.

 I had a week to finish 5 practical coding and packaging questions, and I tried to do everything as perfectly as possible, but I somewhat underestimated the amount of work and wait needed to do everything and didn't manage to finish question 4 and missed 5. Oops let's see how that goes.

 At least this had a few good outcomes for the Internet as I tried to document things as nicely as I could where they were missing from <Google> as usual:
 * I re-tested <Linux Kernel Module Cheat> and made some small improvements. Things still worked from a <Ubuntu 24.10> host (using Docker to <Ubuntu 22.04>), and I also checked that kernel 6.8 builds and GDB step debugs after adding the newly required config `CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_DWARF_TOOLCHAIN_DEFAULT`, also mentioned that at: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5416406/why-are-there-no-debug-symbols-in-my-vmlinux-when-using-gdb-with-proc-kcore/79598380#79598380[Why are there no debug symbols in my vmlinux when using gdb with /proc/kcore?]
 * I contributed some simple updates to https://github.com/martinezjavier/ldd3 getting it closer to work on Linux kernel v6.8. That repository aims to keep the venerable examples from Linux kernel module book <LDD3> alive on newer kernels, and is a very good source for kernel module developers.
 * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37507320/how-to-compile-a-linux-kernel-module/79594642#79594642[How to compile a Linux kernel module?]: wrote a quick Ciro-approved tutorial
 * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6034745/dynamic-array-in-linux-kernel-module/79601790#79601790[Dynamic array in Linux kernel module]: I gave an educational example of a dynamic byte array (like std::string) using the kvmalloc family of allocators
 * <quickemu>: this is a good <emulator manager> and I think I'll be using it for <Ubuntu> images when needed from now on. I wrote:
 * https://askubuntu.com/questions/884534/how-to-run-ubuntu-desktop-on-qemu/1545712#1545712[How to run Ubuntu desktop on QEMU?]: an introductory tutorial to the software as their README is not that good as is often the case. It's hard for project authors to predict what new users want or not. This is my second answer to this question, the https://askubuntu.com/questions/884534/how-to-run-ubuntu-desktop-on-qemu/1046792#1046792[previous one] focusing on a more manual approach without third party helpers.
 * https://www.reddit.com/r/commandline/comments/v85fmx/how_to_share_folder_between_guesthost_quickemu/[How to share folder between guest/host? (Quickemu)]: I explained how to setup a 9p mount to share a directory between guest and host
 * https://askubuntu.com/questions/496549/error-you-must-put-some-source-uris-in-your-sources-list/857433#857433[Error :: You must put some 'source' URIs in your sources.list]: updated this answer for <Ubuntu 24.04>. This issue comes up when you want to do either of:
 ``
 sudo apt build-dep
 sudo apt source
 ``
 which don't work by default, and my answer explains how to do it from the GUI and CLI. The CLI method is specially important for <Docker> images. Since Ubuntu doesn't offer a stable CLI method for this, the method breaks from time to time and we have to find the new config file to edit.
 * https://askubuntu.com/questions/248914/what-is-hardware-enablement-hwe/1546835#1546835p[What is hardware enablement (HWE)?]: I learned a bit better how Ubuntu structures its kernel releases for each <Ubuntu release>

 \Image[https://web.archive.org/web/20250506101112if_/https://i.sstatic.net/3sqTiQlD.png]
 {title=Linux kernel version used for each <Ubuntu release>}
 {description=
 In particular, Ubuntu has HWE kernels which are updated kernels for older releases. E.g.
 * 24.04.0 and 24.04.1 had kernel 6.8
 * 24.04.2 moved up to kernel 6.11, the same one used in 24.10, to support newer hardware
 }
 {height=600}
 {source=https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle}

 Some of the main issues I had were:
 * <compiling Linux kernel for Ubuntu> is extremely slow. I was used to compiling for embedded system with <Buildroot>, which finishes in minutes, but for Ubuntu is hours, presumably because they enable as many drivers as possible to make a single ISO work on as many different computers as possible, which makes sense, but also makes development harder
 * my <QEMU> setup for Ubuntu was not quite as streamlined and I relearned a few things and set up <quickemu>. By chance I had recently come across <quickemu> for testing <OurBigBook> on <MacOS>, but I had to learn a bit how to set it up reasonably too

I'll make sure to add two weeks of OurBigBook work after May to make up for this.

Post OurBigBook job search round 2025

Updates / Post OurBigBook job search round 2025

I see you're job searching. That makes the two of us. I'm looking to get into systems programming, although I don't have as much experience as you. I'm fresh out of college too 😔

Good luck to the both of us then. \i[Cheers].


Good Luck!

{c}

Maybe <Ciro Santilli> should do something useful and remarkable so that someone might actually want to read his biography in the first place. But hey, <effortless effort>[procrastination].

<Ciro Santilli> was born in <Brazil> in the small/medium city of <Rio Claro, São Paulo> (~200k people in 2020) in the <State of São Paulo> in 1989 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini[AD].

The family then moved to <Jundiaí> in 1995, and then finally to <Santos, São Paulo, Brazil> in 1997.

At the age of 10, <Ciro Santilli's 10 month stay in Coventry, United Kingdom, in the year 2000>[Ciro Santilli spent 10 months in Coventry, United Kingdom, where he greatly improved his English].

After Coventry, Ciro's family went back to <Santos, São Paulo, Brazil>[Santos, São Paulo, Brazil, which made a deep impression on Ciro], until he <Ciro Santilli's undergrad studies at the University of São Paulo> in 2007.

In 2010, as mentioned at <Ciro Santilli's formal education>{full}, Ciro as admitted in a double degree program at the <École Polytechnique>, France, where he stayed until 2013. Going to France was a <mind blowing>, life changing event.

Ciro Santilli's biography

Wow, i really don't know what rabbit hole brought me to your site, but I'm really impressed. You've put together a Masterpiece


Fascinating 

{title2}
{wiki}

An <ion selective electrode> is tool used in <analytical chemistry> used to determine the concentration of a given <ion> in a solution.

The method can determine the concentration of one ion even if there are multiple different types of <ion> in the solution, although in some cases this can alter the results. This is done with the help of a selective membrane that only allows certain ions through.

One cool example application mentioned on <LibreTexts>https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis{ref} is the measurement of <fluorine> concentration in water. They explain that <fluorine> is added to the drinking water supply in some countries to help protect people's teeth, and so you want to be able to measure as part of quality control to make sure it is being added in correct the quantities.

The method requires calibrating with calibrating solutions which takes one hour, but once you are calibrated you just stick the sensor into the <analyte> and get readings in a minute without any expendables. The membrane seems to be a bit fragile which requires care, but overall it looks like a convenient method.

\Image[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/General_ISE_Set-Up.png]
{title=<Ion selective electrode> schematic}
{height=600}

\Image[https://web.archive.org/web/20220605032719im_/https://files.mtstatic.com/site_4334/142875/0?Expires=1654403194&Signature=aAPjJy6lmj0OVoTs6TFibKDDW1XlYFMdZp9qCdNChcca6NCOaHHQqFu1oH9gzt6Dwe2YZMW1WdaPkvN8kAoW29qoXQ-ExXs9XeIA0AhtuQSO3GvNXaiVISse2zEWtHB2wYz5KRggWJ6qHk34z8Jti8w5V0Qwqg6hK6RHt5AmGkw_&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJ5Y6AV4GI7A555NA]
{title=Sample calibration curve for an <ion selective electrode>}
{description=The curve is simple and log linear, so once you have that it is easy to fit new measurements to the curve.}
{height=600}
{source=https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGO_GvpVwVU]
{title=General Principles of Ion Selective Electrodes by Jacob Stewart}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5NREQwnaGcE]
{title=<Ion selective electrodes> Tech Tips by Vernier}
{description=
The plump <Asian American> lady with a <PhD> explains how to use the thing.

It seems like a proprietary training video given with the product that this Peruvian university decided to upload to <YouTube>. Heroes.
}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NHByG4g5-RE]
{title=Using an Ion Selective Electrode by <University of Alberta>}

Bibliography:
* https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Physical_Methods_in_Chemistry_and_Nano_Science_(Barron)/01%3A_Elemental_Analysis/1.07%3A_Ion_Selective_Electrode_Analysis

Ion selective electrode

The determination of fluoride is a classic one. It was the only experiment we did on crystalline membrane ISEs. (We also used TISAB, a helpful solution for the experiment, to make more accurate measurements). I didn't even mention crystalline membrane ISEs...

There have been many discussions around fluoride use in water hahahhaha. Here in Europe it's not present. But as far as I know, fluoride is still placed on other common products, like table salt.


Nice article

{scope}

An ion-selective electrode is an electrochemical sensor based on thin films or selective membranes as recognition elements.

They are the most commonly used types of indicator electrodes (electrodes in which the analyte is being studied/measured) in potentiometric measurements due to their accuracy, selectivity and fast response time compared to metallic ones.


Ion Selective Electrodes

I just spent two hours learning about ion selective electrodes and created a basic article https://ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/ion-selective-electrode for fun and to make you some company on the topic: https://ourbigbook.com/pioyi/ion-selective-electrodes

But then I noticed that yours in in plural `electrodes` so they won't go into the same topic because mine is singular as that's my default style 😭😭😭 https://ourbigbook.com/go/topic/ion-selective-electrode

I've had some thoughts about this in the past, notably making synonyms show under the same topic: https://github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook/issues/355 and auto-plural-synonyms: https://github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook/issues/165 but I don't think I'll act on it now.

Besides that, I tried to use my programming-like hands on approach to my article 😊 If I were a chemist I would likely do like I do thinks in programming and go wild making comparison tables of different methods to achive a given goal in analytical chemistry. But for another life perhaps.


I created an article to make you some company

 Home

Didn't know that crypto bots finally arrived...
o_O


I am Pioyi and I approve this message

Introduction

L’énergie solaire est en passe de devenir l’une des sources d’énergie renouvelable les plus prometteuses au monde. Face à la demande mondiale croissante de solutions énergétiques durables, l’énergie solaire se distingue comme une ressource énergétique propre, renouvelable et inépuisable. La technologie des panneaux solaires, qui convertissent la lumière du soleil en électricité, progresse à un rythme remarquable, offrant une alternative aux combustibles fossiles conventionnels. Alors que les préoccupations concernant le changement climatique se multiplient, exploiter l’énergie solaire est devenue non seulement une question d’innovation, mais aussi une nécessité pour un avenir durable. Pour plus d'informations . Baca selengkapnya klik di sini https://calowatt.com/decouvrir-le-photovoltaique/.

La Science Derrière L’énergie Solaire

Au cœur de la technologie de l’énergie solaire se trouve le système photovoltaïque (PV), qui capte la lumière du soleil et la convertit en électricité. Les panneaux solaires sont constitués de cellules solaires contenant des semi-conducteurs, généralement du silicium, qui absorbent les photons de la lumière du soleil. Lorsque la lumière du soleil frappe ces cellules, elle excite les électrons du matériau semi-conducteur, générant un flux d’électricité. Ce processus est connu sous le nom d’effet photovoltaïque. L’efficacité des panneaux solaires dans la conversion de la lumière du soleil en énergie s’améliore régulièrement, faisant de l’énergie solaire une option plus viable pour les besoins énergétiques résidentiels et commerciaux.

De L’énergie Solaire

L’une des raisons les plus convaincantes de l’adoption croissante de l’énergie solaire est son impact environnemental. L’énergie solaire est propre et ne produit aucune émission de gaz à effet de serre, ce qui en fait un acteur clé dans la réduction de l’empreinte carbone mondiale. En passant à l’énergie solaire, les sociétés peuvent réduire leur dépendance aux combustibles fossiles comme le charbon, le pétrole et le gaz naturel, qui contribuent à la pollution de l’air et au réchauffement climatique. L’énergie solaire contribue également à préserver les ressources en eau car elle ne nécessite pas les grandes quantités d’eau nécessaires au refroidissement des centrales électriques conventionnelles.

De plus, l’énergie solaire peut contribuer de manière significative à l’indépendance énergétique. En installant des panneaux solaires, les ménages et les entreprises peuvent produire leur propre électricité, réduisant ainsi leur dépendance au réseau et s’isolant de la hausse des coûts de l’énergie. Dans les zones reculées ou hors réseau, l’énergie solaire offre une solution énergétique fiable et durable, fournissant de l’électricité là où elle pourrait autrement être indisponible.

L’avenir De L’énergie Solaire : Tendances Et Innovations

Alors que le monde évolue vers un avenir énergétique plus durable, la technologie de l’énergie solaire est sur le point de connaître des avancées significatives. Les chercheurs améliorent continuellement l’efficacité des cellules solaires, en travaillant sur des matériaux tels que la perovskite, qui promet d’être moins chère et plus efficace que les cellules solaires traditionnelles à base de silicium. De plus, l’intégration de l’énergie solaire avec des systèmes de stockage d’énergie comme les batteries est une avancée majeure. L’énergie solaire peut être captée pendant la journée et stockée pour être utilisée la nuit ou par temps nuageux, surmontant l’une des principales limites de l’énergie solaire : sa nature intermittente.

Les innovations dans la conception des panneaux solaires rendent également l’énergie solaire plus accessible. Les panneaux solaires deviennent de plus en plus esthétiques, avec des options telles que les tuiles solaires et les fenêtres solaires qui s’intègrent parfaitement à l’architecture moderne. L’efficacité accrue de ces panneaux signifie qu’ils peuvent être installés dans un plus large éventail d’environnements, des toits urbains aux fermes rurales, élargissant ainsi leur potentiel d’adoption généralisée.

Conclusion

L’énergie solaire est sans aucun doute l’avenir de l’énergie. Sa capacité à fournir une électricité propre, renouvelable et rentable en fait un outil essentiel dans la lutte contre le changement climatique. À mesure que la technologie continue de progresser et que le monde adopte des pratiques plus durables, l’énergie solaire joue un rôle de plus en plus essentiel dans la construction d’un avenir plus vert et plus propre. Exploiter l’énergie solaire n’est pas seulement une prouesse scientifique : c’est la voie vers un système énergétique mondial plus durable et plus résilient.


Exploiter Le Soleil : L’avenir De L’énergie Solaire

Interesting article. I can't decide if it's SPAM or a test and if it is AI generated. I especially like the Indonesian "Baca selengkapnya klik di sini" in the middle of French text.

Anyways, welcome to OurBigBook.


Is it SPAM?

This is somewhat what I was looking for: https://github.com/KaTeX/KaTeX/blob/main/contrib/mhchem/README.md

I'd prefer something that doesn't go through math, but it's not bad. We could also add a helper to hide the math part of it.

If there's ever enough interests from chemists I could try to enable it.

Greetings from 2025!


Possible nice way to add chemical formulae with mhchem latex extension

I'm watching you 🕵

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Fascinating SPAM, I wonder if you are a scammer doing it manually, or an actual service company that hires spammers for them. I'm flattered yet again.

In the context of an A* search, a heuristic function is said to be admissible if it does not overestimate the cost to reach the goal. Such functions can also be viewed as being "optimistic".

When using an admissible heuristic, A* is \b[guaranteed to return a cost-optimal solution], i.e. the best path. Let's prove it by contradiction:

Assume that the algorithm returned a path, the cost of which is greater than that of the optimal path $P$. Let's call $C$ the cost of the path that was followed, and $C^*$ the cost of $P$, noting that $C^* < C$. First, we can safely assume that at least one node in $P$ was not expanded during the algorithm's execution (if all nodes of $P$ were expanded, then $P$ would have been chosen instead since that would lead to a lower path cost$^{[1]}$). Without loss of generallity, let's take the first occurance of such unexpanded node and name it "n". Let's call the \b[actual] cost from n to the destination $h^*(n)$ and define \b[$g^*(n)$] as the cost of the \b[optimal] path starting from the origin all the way to n. Remember that A* is a best-first search on the value of $f$, so $f(x) \geq C$ for all unexpanded nodes. Here's what we've got:

$
\small
f(n) \geq C > C^*, \text{ otherwise n would have been expanded} \newline
f(n) = g(n) + h(n), \text{ by definition} \newline
f(n) = g^*(n) + h(n), \text{ n is on an optimal path } \newline
f(n) \leq g^*(n) + h^*(n), \text{ since heuristic is optimistic } (\leq \text{actual cost) } \newline
$

Now note that $g^*(n) + h^*(n)$ is equal to "the cost to reach n following the optimal path" + "the cost to reach the goal starting from n, following the optimal path". That's just equal to the total cost of the optimal path! So, both $f(n) > C^*$ and $f(n) \leq C^*$ hold simultaneously which obviously constitutes a contradiction. $\square$

\[1\]: Remember than $h(n)$ (our heuristic) is just a hint to prioritize certain expansions over others. When everything is expanded however, $g(n)$ is the sole metric that will be considered, which will always lead to the optimal path being selected, that being $P$.

Admissible Heuristic

Welcome to OurBigBook, and thanks for this article!

Cirocoin

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGCdLKXNF3w]

BTW, maybe this was intentional but just in case, you created a new article in the same topic rather than a comment: https://ourbigbook.com/pioyi/cirocoin and shows up on the cirocoin topic: https://ourbigbook.com/go/topic/cirocoin I only noticed it because of the upvote notification I received.

If this was created on Web, which is presumably the case:

* it shows up as the first article under your homepage tree (I need to change this I think, and make it be addded lsat by default
* it will be nuked on the next ourbigbook --web CLI to web upload (since it is not present locally). I want to solve this and make web to local work perfectly as well, but it requires implementing a basic history system to detect which file changed where like Git does. In the plans.


It's like the song says: "Everybody wants to rule the world"

To make transparent images look like most users will expect them to.

Thanks for breaking the site yet again, users :-)

Or maybe it was intentional and I spoiled it for you?

Oh well, can't make everybody happy.


Profile images now show on white background

A common misconsception suggests that glass is a liquid of high viscosity. \b[This not the case]. Glass is its own distinct state of matter that doesn't coincide with any other classical one. Every liquid (except Helium) can be turned into glass, if a sufficiently rapid cooling takes place. This process is called \b[vitrification]. When a liquid is cooled (water for example) it normally goes through the process of crystallization. We say that the water is frozen as ice forms which has a very specific structure that is characterized by its stability (crystalline solid). If the cooling happens quickly enough, the water molecules don't have the opportunity to occupy the lowest energy sites and this is how the amorphous solids forms.

\b[Annealing] illustrates this phenomenon. When glass is cooled down in order to solidify, this process must be done during a specific time interval in order for the molecules to have enough time to position themselves in a more stable manner. If during the glass making process, the produced glass has been solidified too rapidly, then the stress present in the solid makes it too fragile to the point where it can rupture/shatter even during handling. By reheating the glass and slowly droping the temperature again, we ensure that the glass object has gained a much more stable structure.

As crystalline solids have a melting point, amorphous ones have a \b[glass transition temperature] which surprisingly depends on thermal history (how rapidly was the former liquid made into glass?). Around this temperature point, the viscosity of the glass increases rapidly and can be classified as a solid (under classical terms). It should be noted that the viscosity as well as other properties of the substance made into glass, present a continuous change as the temperature changes. This is not the case with "ordinary" freezing as liquid water turns spontaneously into a solid in a discontinuous manner (during the freezing process the temperature stays constant. Immediately below $0^oC$ all the water has turned into ice).

The glass state is metastable and its transition to a crystalline solid is thermodynamically favoured although kinetically inert.


Glass as a Non-classical State of Matter

Glass / Glass as a Non-classical State of Matter

I would like to learn more about state transitions. Wikipedia means full understanding of glass is an open question: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics which is exciting. I wonder how much can be known besides numerical simulation number crunching.


Yes, this is a really cool topic

One should not forget that our bodies can produce hydrogen sulfide with the help of speicifc bacteria found in our \b[mouth] and \b[intestines]. 

These take advantage of the sulfur found in \b[proteins] that we consume (four aminoacids, the buldings blocks of proteins, contain sulfur).  


Production of hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide / Production of hydrogen sulfide

Currently repeating `hydrogen-sulfide` is not ideal because the ID/URL has that word duplicated:

``
/pioyi/hydrogen-sulfide/production-of-hydrogen-sulfide
``

I understand that currently perhaps this is the only choice because you want the title to show as "Prodcution of Hydrogen sulfide".

But in short/mid term I want to make scope ancestors show up on the title such sa:

``
Hydrogen sulfide / Prodcution
``

which with the current source will lead to duplication on the title as well:

``
Hydrogen sulfide / Hydogen solfide prodcution
``

So I'd either do:

``
= Hydrogen sulfide
{scope}

== Prodcution
``

or:

``
= Hydrogen sulfide

== Hydrogen sulfide prodcution
``

but not both scope and repeating as current:

``
= Hydrogen sulfide
{scope}

== Hydrogen sulfid prodcution
``


You might want to keep this just "Production" due to scope

Starch Gelatinization (Boiling of food)

Starch / Starch Gelatinization (Boiling of food)

Like this:

```
== Starch Gelatinization
{title2=Boiling of food}
```

It shows up as `Starch Gelatinization (Boiling of food)` on the page (but not on indexes/ToC, that could be considered but needs thought), but keeps the ID shorter to just `/pioyi/starch/starch-gelatinization` rather than `/pioyi/starch/starch-gelatinization-boiling-of-food` which is what you might want.


Btw, you might want to use <code>title2</code> in such cases

Btw, you might want to use `title2` in such cases

Ciro Santilli's Homepage

I wrote some new stuff and decided to publish them. When I did, I got this error: 

``
web_delete: 0: (@pioyi/claus-processcreated-by-the-german-chemist-carl-friedrich-claus-it-makes-it-possible-to-convert-hydrogen-sulfide-from-natural-gas-to-elemental-sulfur-the-overall-reaction-can-be-descibed-as-follows-2-h-2s-plus-so-2-3s-plus-2h-20.bigb)
HTTP error status: 422
Error messages from server:
error: @pioyi/claus-processcreated-by-the-german-chemist-carl-friedrich-claus-it-makes-it-possible-to-convert-hydrogen-sulfide-from-natural-gas-to-elemental-sulfur-the-overall-reaction-can-be-descibed-as-follows-2-h-2s-plus-so-2-3s-plus-2h-20.bigb:1:205: unterminated literal argument
``

It refers to an old text that was contained in the bigb file. I remember that I interacted with this part of the file (or with a different one. I don't really remember) while I was writing the new one.

Kind of unxplainable, but my first guess was that I hadn't closed the latex segment somewhere. It turned out that everything has been closed as needed.

The guilty part in question:
``
==== Claus process

Created by the german chemist Carl Friedrich Claus, it makes it possible to convert hydrogen sulfide (from natural gas) to elemental sulfur. The overall reaction can be descibed as follows: 

$$2H_2S + SO_2 \rightarrow 3S + 2H_20$$
``

Am I missing something? I hope not!


Problems with export of index.bigb

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# id	 Title	 Comments	 Created	 Updated
mmd1525/dinanath-atmaram-dalvi#1	Cool, if you could write something fun about this dude that would be awesome	1	2025-05-30	2025-05-30
cirosantilli/cia-2010-covert-communication-websites/split-header-images#1	from what i know this was a semi-common thing in old web design	1	2025-05-27	2025-05-27
laughingclouds/welcome-to-ourbigbook-com-meta#2	Profile picture upload was implemented a few months ago btw	2	2025-05-08	2025-05-08
cirosantilli/updates/post-ourbigbook-job-search-round-2025#1	Good Luck!	2	2025-05-08	2025-05-08
cirosantilli/ciro-santilli-s-biography#1	Fascinating	1	2025-05-01	2025-05-01
cirosantilli/ion-selective-electrode#1	Nice article	5	2025-01-29	2025-01-29
pioyi/ion-selective-electrodes#1	I created an article to make you some company	1	2025-01-28	2025-01-28
cynthiajoe6912#1	I am Pioyi and I approve this message	1	2025-01-25	2025-01-25
calowattinfo/exploiter-le-soleil-l’avenir-de-l’energie-solaire#1	Is it SPAM?	0	2025-01-10	2025-01-10
pioyi#2	Possible nice way to add chemical formulae with mhchem latex extension	3	2025-01-07	2025-01-07
embii4u#1	I'm watching you 🕵	0	2025-01-06	2025-01-06
harrisonolivia/genuine-usdt-btc-ethereum-and-crypto-recovery-company-visit-salvage-asset-recovery#1	Fascinating SPAM, I wonder if you are a scammer doing it manually, or an actual service company that hires spammers for them. I'm flattered yet again.	0	2024-12-03	2024-12-03
kasoto/admissible-heuristic#1	Welcome to OurBigBook, and thanks for this article!	0	2024-09-25	2024-09-25
pioyi/cirocoin#1	It's like the song says: "Everybody wants to rule the world"	1	2024-09-24	2024-09-24
zetsu#1	Profile images now show on white background	2	2024-09-22	2024-09-22
pioyi/glass/glass-as-a-non-classical-state-of-matter#1	Yes, this is a really cool topic	0	2024-09-21	2024-09-21
pioyi/hydrogen-sulfide/production-of-hydrogen-sulfide#1	You might want to keep this just "Production" due to scope	1	2024-09-20	2024-09-20
pioyi/starch/starch-gelatinization-boiling-of-food#1	Btw, you might want to use `title2` in such cases	2	2024-09-20	2024-09-20
cirosantilli#3	Problems with export of index.bigb	15	2024-09-20	2024-09-20
lisa34/how-to-hire-the-best-crypto-recovery-expert-—-refund-polici-recovery-service#1	Light spam, at last	0	2024-09-13	2024-09-13

Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 37