In the context of an A* search, a heuristic function is said to be admissible if it does not overestimate the cost to reach the goal. Such functions can also be viewed as being "optimistic".

When using an admissible heuristic, A* is \b[guaranteed to return a cost-optimal solution], i.e. the best path. Let's prove it by contradiction:

Assume that the algorithm returned a path, the cost of which is greater than the actual optimal path $P$. Let's call $C$ the cost of the path that was followed, and $C^*$ the cost of $P$, noting that $C^* < C$. First, we can safely assume that at least one node in $P$ was not expanded during the algorithm's execution (if all nodes of $P$ were expanded, then $P$ would have been chosen instead since that would lead to a lower path cost$^{[1]}$). Without loss of generallity, let's take the first occurance of such unexpanded node and name it "n". By definition, $g(n)$ holds the least known cost to reach n starting from the origin. Let's name the \b[actual] cost from n to the destination $h^*(n)$ and define \b[$g^*(n)$] as the cost of the \b[optimal] path from our origin to n. Since all previous nodes of the optimal path have already been expanded, we know that $g(n) = g^*(n)$. Here's what we've got:

$
\small
f(n) = g(n) + h(n), \text{ by definition} \newline
f(n) = g^*(n) + h(n), \text{ explained above } \newline
f(n) \leq g^*(n) + h^*(n), \text{ since heuristic is optimistic } (\leq \text{actual cost) } \newline
$

Now note that $g^*(n) + h^*(n)$ is equal to "the cost to reach n following the optimal path" + "the cost to reach the goal starting from n, following the optimal path". That's just equal to the total cost of the optimal path! However, we know that $C^* < C$, so here's where the \b[contradiction] lies: If $f(n)$ really was less or equal to the length of the optimal path ($C^*$), then the A* algorithm would have expanded this node before trying to expand the destination since $f(destination) = C > f(n)$. A lower $f$ value would have always triggered an immediate expansion. $\square$

\[1\]: Remember than $h(n)$ (our heuristic) is just a hint to prioritize certain expansions over others. When everything is expanded however, $g(n)$ is the sole metric that will be considered, which will always lead to the optimal path being selected, that being $P$.


Admissible Heuristic

Welcome to OurBigBook, and thanks for this article!

That sounds like a great way to rule over people o_O


Cirocoin

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aGCdLKXNF3w]

BTW, maybe this was intentional but just in case, you created a new article in the same topic rather than a comment: https://ourbigbook.com/pioyi/cirocoin and shows up on the cirocoin topic: https://ourbigbook.com/go/topic/cirocoin I only noticed it because of the upvote notification I received.

If this was created on Web, which is presumably the case:

* it shows up as the first article under your homepage tree (I need to change this I think, and make it be addded lsat by default
* it will be nuked on the next ourbigbook --web CLI to web upload (since it is not present locally). I want to solve this and make web to local work perfectly as well, but it requires implementing a basic history system to detect which file changed where like Git does. In the plans.


It's like the song says: "Everybody wants to rule the world"

<span title="Home" class="fa-solid-900 icon"></span> Home

To make transparent images look like most users will expect them to.

Thanks for breaking the site yet again, users :-)

Or maybe it was intentional and I spoiled it for you?

Oh well, can't make everybody happy.


Profile images now show on white background

A common misconsception suggests that glass is a liquid of high viscosity. \b[This not the case]. Glass is its own distinct state of matter that doesn't coincide with any other classical one. Every liquid (except Helium) can be turned into glass, if a sufficiently rapid cooling takes place. This process is called \b[vitrification]. When a liquid is cooled (water for example) it normally goes through the process of crystallization. We say that the water is frozen as ice forms which has a very specific structure that is characterized by its stability (crystalline solid). If the cooling happens quickly enough, the water molecules don't have the opportunity to occupy the lowest energy sites and this is how the amorphous solids forms.

\b[Annealing] illustrates this phenomenon. When glass is cooled down in order to solidify, this process must be done during a specific time interval in order for the molecules to have enough time to position themselves in a more stable manner. If during the glass making process, the produced glass has been solidified too rapidly, then the stress present in the solid makes it too fragile to the point where it can rupture/shatter even during handling. By reheating the glass and slowly droping the temperature again, we ensure that the glass object has gained a much more stable structure.

As crystalline solids have a melting point, amorphous ones have a \b[glass transition temperature] which surprisingly depends on thermal history (how rapidly was the former liquid made into glass?). Around this temperature point, the viscosity of the glass increases rapidly and can be classified as a solid (under classical terms). It should be noted that the viscosity as well as other properties of the substance made into glass, present a continuous change as the temperature changes. This is not the case with "ordinary" freezing as liquid water turns spontaneously into a solid in a discontinuous manner (during the freezing process the temperature stays constant. Immediately below $0^oC$ all the water has turned into ice).

The glass state is metastable and its transition to a crystalline solid is thermodynamically favoured although kinetically inert.


Glass as a Non-classical State of Matter

I would like to learn more about state transitions. Wikipedia means full understanding of glass is an open question: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics which is exciting. I wonder how much can be known besides numerical simulation number crunching.


Yes, this is a really cool topic

One should not forget that our bodies can produce hydrogen sulfide with the help of speicifc bacteria found in our \b[mouth] and \b[intestines]. 

These take advantage of the sulfur found in \b[proteins] that we consume (four aminoacids, the buldings blocks of proteins, contain sulfur).  


Production of hydrogen sulfide

Currently repeating `hydrogen-sulfide` is not ideal because the ID/URL has that word duplicated:

``
/pioyi/hydrogen-sulfide/production-of-hydrogen-sulfide
``

I understand that currently perhaps this is the only choice because you want the title to show as "Prodcution of Hydrogen sulfide".

But in short/mid term I want to make scope ancestors show up on the title such sa:

``
Hydrogen sulfide / Prodcution
``

which with the current source will lead to duplication on the title as well:

``
Hydrogen sulfide / Hydogen solfide prodcution
``

So I'd either do:

``
= Hydrogen sulfide
{scope}

== Prodcution
``

or:

``
= Hydrogen sulfide

== Hydrogen sulfide prodcution
``

but not both scope and repeating as current:

``
= Hydrogen sulfide
{scope}

== Hydrogen sulfid prodcution
``


You might want to keep this just "Production" due to scope

Starch Gelatinization (Boiling of food)

Like this:

```
== Starch Gelatinization
{title2=Boiling of food}
```

It shows up as `Starch Gelatinization (Boiling of food)` on the page (but not on indexes/ToC, that could be considered but needs thought), but keeps the ID shorter to just `/pioyi/starch/starch-gelatinization` rather than `/pioyi/starch/starch-gelatinization-boiling-of-food` which is what you might want.


Btw, you might want to use <code>title2</code> in such cases

Btw, you might want to use `title2` in such cases

{title2=三西猴的主页}

Check out: \b[https://ourbigbook.com], a <personal knowledge base> that can publish from <lightweight markup> both to a multi-user \b[<mind melding>] dynamic website, or as a <static website>. It's like \b[<Wikipedia> + <GitHub> + <Stack Overflow> + <Obsidian (software)>]. Source code: \b[https://github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook].

<sponsor>[Sponsor me to work on this project]: 100k <USD> = I quit me job and work on it one year full time. Status: \b[~144k / 200k USD] reached: 1st year locked-in, 2nd year stretch goal open at 200k USD. 1M USD = I retire and do it forever. How to donate: <sponsor>{full}.

I reached \b[100k USD] after a <sponsor/1000 Monero donation>, so I quit my job for 1 year starting 1st June 2024 to solve as many <STEM> courses as I can from a world leading university to try and kickstart \b[The Higher Education Revolution]. If I reach \b[200k USD], then I'll do it for two years instead. A second year greatly improve chances of success: year one I solve a bunch of courses, year two I come guns blazing with the content and expand further.

\b[Mission]: to live in a world where you can learn <university>-level <mathematics>, <physics>, <chemistry>, <biology> and <engineering> from perfect free <open source> books that anyone can write to get famous. More rationale: <OurBigBook.com>{full}

<Ciro Santilli's documentation superpowers>[Explaining things is my superpower], e.g. I was top user \#39 on <Stack Overflow> in 2023https://stackexchange.com/leagues/1/year/stackoverflow/2023-01-01{ref}<Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow contributions>{ref} and I have a few 1k+ star educational <GitHub> repositorieshttps://github.com/cirosantilli/linux-kernel-module-cheat{ref}<Linux Kernel Module Cheat>{ref}https://github.com/cirosantilli/x86-bare-metal-examples{ref}https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=user%3Acirosantilli&s=stars&type=Repositories{ref}. Now I want to bring that level of awesomeness to <Master's degree>[masters level] <Mathematics> and <Physics>. But I can't do it alone! So I created <OurBigBook.com> to allow everyone to work together towards the perfect book of everything.

My life's goal is to bring hardcore <university>-level <STEM> <open educational content> to all ages. Sponsor me at https://github.com/sponsors/cirosantilli[] starting from 1<Dollar>[[$]]/month so I can work full time on it. Further information: <sponsor>{full}. Achieving what I call "<free gifted education>" is my <Nirvana>.

<Ciro Santilli's website>[This website] is written in <OurBigBook Markup>, and it is published on both https://cirosantilli.com (<static website>) and https://outbigbook.om/cirosantilli (multi-user <OurBigBook Web> instance). Its <source code> is located at: https://github.com/cirosantilli/cirosantilli.github.io[] and https://cirosantilli.com/_dir[also at `cirosantilli.com/_dir`] and it is <licensed> under <CC BY-SA 4.0> unless otherwise noted.

To contact Ciro, see: <contact>{full}. He likes to talk with random people of the <Internet>.

https://github.com/cirosantilli[GitHub] | https://stackoverflow.com/users/895245[Stack Overflow] | https://www.linkedin.com/in/cirosantilli[LinkedIn] | https://www.youtube.com/c/CiroSantilli[YouTube] | https://twitter.com/cirosantilli[Twitter] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Cirosantilli2[Wikipedia] | https://www.zhihu.com/people/cirosantilli/activities[Zhihu 知乎] | https://www.weibo.com/p/1005055601627311[Weibo 微博] | <accounts>[Other accounts]

\image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/ID_photo_of_Ciro_Santilli_taken_in_2013.jpg]{height=300} \image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/Ciro_Santilli's_learn_teach_apply_logo.png]{height=300}

Besides that, I'm also a <Ciro Santilli's campaign for freedom of speech in China>[freedom of speech] <slacktivist> and <Ciro Santilli's cycling>[recreational cyclist]. I like <Chinese traditional music> and classic <Brazilian pop>. Opinions are my own, but they could be yours too. <Tax the rich>.

Let's <the ideal university>[create an educational system] with:
* no distinction between <university> and <high school>, <students must have a flexible choice of what to learn>[students just go as fast as they can to what they really want] without stupid <university entry exams>
* <OurBigBook.com>[fully open source learning material]
* <exam as a service>[on-demand examinations that anyone can easily take without prerequisites]
* <the only reason for universities to exist should be the laboratories>[granular entry selection only for space in specific laboratories] or participation in specific <novel research> projects

\b[I offer]:
* online private tutoring for:
  * any <STEM> university course
  * passionate younger <STEM> students (any age) who want to learn university level material and beyond. Can your kid be the next <Fields Medalist> or <Nobel Prize> winner? I'm here to help, especially if you are filthy rich! I focus <Students must be allowed to progress as fast as they want>[moving students forward as fast as they want] on and on <how to teach/Projects must aim for novelty>[producing useful novel tutorials and results]

  Let <Emile, or On Education>[your child be my Emile], and me be their <Adolfo Amidei>, and let's see how far they can go! I will help take your child:
  * into the best <universities>
  * into the best <PhD> programs
  and achieve their ambitious <STEM> goals!
* educational consulting for institutions looking to improve their <STEM> courses
  * do you know \i[that] course or teacher that consistently gets bad reviews every year? I'll work with the teacher to turn the problem around!
  * are you looking to create a consistent <open educational resources> offering to increase your institutions internationally visibility? I can help with that too.

My approach is to:
* propose interesting research projects. The starting point is always deciding the end goal: <backward design>{full}
* learn what is needed to do the project together with the student(s)
* publish any novel results or tutorials/tools produced <freely licensed> online, and encourage the student to do the same (<how to teach/Let students learn by teaching>{full}, <digital garden>)
For minors, parents are welcome to join video calls, and all interactions with the student will be recorded and made available to parents.

I have <articles>[a proven track of explaining complex concepts in an interesting and useful way]. I work for the learner. Teaching statement at: <How to teach>{full}. Pricing to be discussed. Contact details at: <How to contact Ciro Santilli>{full}.

I am particularly excited about pointing people to the potential <next big things>, my top picks these days are:
* <quantum computing>
* <AGI research>
* assorted <molecular biology technologies>
I am also generally interested in:
* 20th century physics, notably <AMO> and <condensed matter>
* the <history of science>, and in particular <there is value in tutorials written by early pioneers of the field>[trying to look at seminal papers of a field]

\Image[https://stackoverflow.com/users/flair/895245.png?theme=dark]
{title=<Ciro Santilli>'s amazing <Stack Overflow> profile}
{description=Ciro contributes almost exclusively by answering question he <Googles> into out of his own need, and never by refreshing the newest question of big tags for low hanging fruit! More information at: <Ciro Santilli's Stack Overflow contributions>{full}.}
{disambiguate=home}
{height=150}
{link=https://stackoverflow.com/users/895245}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7JOJYx0mmhg]
{title=Introduction to the <OurBigBook Project>}
{disambiguate=home}
{height=500}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54nxjC9BWTg]
{title=<OurBigBook Web> topics demo}
{description=The <OurBigBook topic feature> allows users to "merge their minds" in a "sort by upvote"-stack overflow-like manner for each subject. This is the killer feature of <OurBigBook Web>. More information at: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/ourbigbook-web-topics[].}
{disambiguate=home}
{height=700}
{width=700}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sX_D_5tCQgg]
{title=<OurBigBook> dynamic article tree demo}
{description=The <OurBigBook dynamic tree> feature allows any of your headers to be the toplevel `h1` header of a page, while still displaying its descendants. <SEO> loves this, and it also allows users to always get their content on the correct granularity. More information at: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/ourbigbook-web-dynamic-article-tree[].}
{height=700}
{width=700}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ghvlztiu6rI]
{title=<OurBigBook> local editing and publishing demo}
{description=With <OurBigBook> you can store your content as plaintext files in a <Lightweight markup>, and then publish that to either <OurBigBook.com>  to get awesome multi-user features, or as a <static website> where you are in full control. More information at: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/publish-your-content[].}
{height=720}
{width=720}

\Video[https://youtube.com/watch?v=j_fl4xoGTKU]
{title=Top Down <2D continuous game> with <Urho3D> <C++> <SDL> and <Box2D> for <Reinforcement learning> by <Ciro Santilli> (2018)}
{description=More information: <Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games>{full}. This is Ciro's underwhelming stab at the fundamental question: <Can AGI be trained in simulations?>. This project <todo>[could be taken much further].}
{disambiguate=home}
{height=500}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P7-OYQatYvA]
{title=<Water Margin> tribute to <Chinese> dissidents by <Ciro Santilli> (2022)}
{description=Part of <Ciro Santilli's campaign for freedom of speech in China>, see also: https://cirosantilli.com/china-dictatorship/water-margin[].}
{disambiguate=home}
{height=500}

\Image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/lenovo-thinkpad-t430-bios-hello-world.jpg]
{title=<Lenovo> <ThinkPad> T430 running a <BIOS> <hello world>}
{description=Source code: https://github.com/cirosantilli/x86-bare-metal-examples[]. Ciro's <Linux Kernel Module Cheat> is a closely related and much more important project that covers the <Linux kernel> and <assembly language>.}
{height=500}

``
 -------------------------------------
|  Force of Will               3 U U  |
|  ---------------------------------  |
| |                  ////////////   | |
| |                ////() ()\////\  | |
| |               ///_\ (--) \///\  | |
| |        )      ////  \_____///\\ | |
| |       ) \      /   /   /    /   | |
| |    ) /   \     |   |  /   _/    | |
| |   ) \  (  (   /   / /   / \     | |
| |  / ) ( )  / (    )/(    )  \    | |
| |  \(_)/(_)/  /UUUU \  \\\/   |   | |
| .---------------------------------. |
| Interrupt                           |
| ,---------------------------------, |
| | You may pay 1 life and remove a | |
| | blue card in your hand from the | |
| | game instead of paying Force of | |
| | Will's casting cost.  Effects   | |
| | that prevent or redirect damage | |
| | cannot be used to counter this  | |
| | loss of life.                   | |
| | Counter target spell.           | |
| `---------------------------------` |
|                                     l
| Illus.  Terese Nelsen               |
 -------------------------------------
``
{title=<ASCII art> of a https://gatherer.wizards.com/Pages/Card/Details.aspx?multiverseid=413591[Force of Will] <Magic: The Gathering> card <inscribed (Blockchain)> in the <Bitcoin blockchain>}
{description=
Artist unknown, uploaded December 2014. Part of <Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain>{full} where <Ciro Santilli> maintains a curated list of such interesting inscriptions.

This was a small project done by Ciro for <artistic> purposes that received some attention due to the incredible hype surrounding <cryptocurrencies> at the time. <Ciro Santilli>'s views on  <cryptocurrencies> are summarized at: <Are cryptocurrencies useful?>{full}.
}

\Image[https://web.archive.org/web/20220102092623im_/http://bitfossil.org/4cbb32cd27b5b5edc12d3559bdffc1355ac2a210463d5cfaadc7ce9b06675b2b/YellowRobot.jpg]
{title=`YellowRobot.jpg`}
{description=
<JPG> image fully embedded in the <Bitcoin blockchain> depicting some kind of cut material art depicting a yellow robot, <inscription (Blockchain)>[inscribed] on https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/transactions/btc/4cbb32cd27b5b5edc12d3559bdffc1355ac2a210463d5cfaadc7ce9b06675b2b[January 29, 2017].

<Ciro Santilli> found this image and others during his research for <Cool data embedded in the Bitcoin blockchain>{full} by searching for image fingerprints on every transaction payload of the blockchain with a script.

The image was uploaded by <EMBII>, co-creator of the <cool data embedded in the bitcoin blockchain/AtomSea & EMBII> upload mechanism, which was responsible for a large part of the image <inscription (Blockchain)>[inscriptions] in the <Bitcoin blockchain>.

The associated message reads:
> Chiharu \[<EMBII>'s Japanese wife\] and I found this little yellow robot while exploring Chicago. It will be covered by tar or eventually removed but this tribute will remain. N 41.880778 E -87.629210
This is one of <Ciro Santilli>'s favorite AtomSea & EMBII uploads, as it perfectly encapsules the "medium as an art form" approach to blockchain art, where even non-novel works can be recontextualized into something interesting, here depicting an opposition between the ephemeral and the immutable.

At https://twitter.com/EMBII4U/status/1615389973343268871 <EMBII> announced that he would be giving off shares of that image on <Sup!? (Bitcoin-based social media)>, a <Bitcoin>-backed <NFT> system he was; making. In December 2023, he gave some shares of the robot to <Ciro Santilli>.
}
{disambiguate=index}
{height=600}
{source=http://bitfossil.org/4cbb32cd27b5b5edc12d3559bdffc1355ac2a210463d5cfaadc7ce9b06675b2b/index.htm}

\Image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/cia-2010-covert-communication-websites/screenshots/starwarsweb.net.jpg]
{title=2010 <Wayback Machine> archive of https://web.archive.org/web/20101230033220/http://starwarsweb.net/[starwarsweb.net]}
{description=
This website was used as one of the <CIA 2010 covert communication websites>, a covert system the <CIA> used to communicate with its assets. More details at: <CIA 2010 covert communication websites>{full}.

<Ciro Santilli> had some <Ciro Santilli's naughty projects>[naughty OSINT fun] finding some of the websites of this defunct network in 2023 after he heard about https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-spies-iran/[the 2022 Reuters report on the matter], which for the first time gave away 7 concrete websites out of a claimed 885 total found. As of November 2023, Ciro had found about 350 of them.
}
{disambiguate=index}
{height=1400}

\Image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/cia-2010-covert-communication-websites/screenshots/noticiasmusica.net.jpg]
{title=2010 <Wayback Machine> archive of https://web.archive.org/web/20101230165001/http://noticiasmusica.net/[noticiasmusica.net]}
{description=
This is another website that was used as one of the <CIA 2010 covert communication websites>. This website is written in <Brazilian Portuguese>, and therefore suggests that the <CIA> had assets in <Brazil> at the time, and thus was spying on a "fellow democracy".

Although <Snowden>'s revelations made it extremely obvious to the world that the USA spies upon everyone outside of the <Five Eyes>, including fellow democracies, it is rare to have such a direct a concrete proof of it visible live right on the <Wayback Machine>. Other targeted democracies include <France>, <Germany>, <Italy> and <Spain>. More details at: <cia 2010 covert communication websites/USA spying on its own allies>.
}
{disambiguate=index}
{height=1400}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QWL7l-5r1a4]
{title=How I found a <Star Wars> website made by the <CIA> by <Ciro Santilli>}
{description=Slightly edited VOD of the talk <Aratu Week 2024 Talk by Ciro Santilli> about the <CIA 2010 covert communication websites>.}
{disambiguate=index}
{height=600}

\Image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/Diagram_of_the_fundamental_theorem_on_homomorphisms_with_subtitles.svg]
{title=Diagram of the <fundamental theorem on homomorphisms> by <Ciro Santilli> (2020)}
{description=
Shows the relationship between <group homomorphisms> and <normal subgroups>.

Used in the <Stack Exchange> answer to https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/776039/intuition-behind-normal-subgroups/3732426#3732426[What is the intuition behind normal subgroups?] One of <articles>{full}.
}
{disambiguate=index}
{height=800}

\Image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/Faster_than_light_implies_time_travel_diagram.svg]
{title=<Spacetime diagram> illustrating how <faster-than-light> travel implies time travel by <Ciro Santilli> (2021)}
{description=Used in the <Stack Exchange> ansewr to https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/13001/does-superluminal-travel-imply-travelling-back-in-time/615079#615079[Does faster than light travel imply travelling back in time?]. One of <articles>{full}.}
{disambiguate=articles}
{height=600}

\Image[https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cirosantilli/media/master/C++_Heap_vs_BST_vs_hash_map_insert_time.png]
{title=Average insertion time into heaps, <binary search tree> and <hash maps> of the <#C++ standard library> by <Ciro Santilli> (2015)}
{description=Used in the <Stack Overflow> answer to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6147242/heap-vs-binary-search-tree-bst/29548834#29548834[Heap vs Binary Search Tree (BST)]. One of <articles>{full}.}
{height=1000}
{source=https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6147242/heap-vs-binary-search-tree-bst/29548834#29548834}

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84ig5cih4kI]
{title=<Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture in two minutes by Ciro Santilli>}
{description=Quick and direct explanation of the statement of the <BSD conjecture> for people who know basic university mathematics. This is one of the <Millennium Prize Problems>, and you will get a million dollars if you can solve it! This therefore falls in the <Simple to state but hard to prove> of <Ciro Santilli>'s <the beauty of mathematics> aesthetics.}
{height=600}

\Image[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Oxford_Nanopore_MinION_top_cropped.jpg/392px-Oxford_Nanopore_MinION_top_cropped.jpg]
{title=Top view of an open <Oxford Nanopore MinION>}
{description=This is <Ciro Santilli>'s hand on the <Wikipedia> article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Nanopore_Technologies[]. He put it there after working a bit on <Oxford nanopore river bacteria>{full} :-) And he would love to document more experiments like that one <Videos of all key physics experiments>{full}, but opportunities are extremely rare.}
{disambiguate=index}
{height=600}

A quick <2D continuous AI game> prototype for <reinforcement learning> written in <Matter.js>, you can view it on a separate page at https://cirosantilli.com/_raw/js/matterjs/examples.html#top-down-asdw-fixed-viewport[]. This is a for-fun-only prototype for <Ciro's 2D reinforcement learning games>, <C++> or maybe <Python> (for the <deep learning> ecosystem) seems inevitable for a serious version of such a project. But it is cute how much you can do with a few lines of <Matter.js>!

\passthrough[[<iframe src="_raw/js/matterjs/examples.html#top-down-asdw-fixed-viewport" width="1000" height="850"></iframe>]]


I wrote some new stuff and decided to publish them. When I did, I got this error: 

``
web_delete: 0: (@pioyi/claus-processcreated-by-the-german-chemist-carl-friedrich-claus-it-makes-it-possible-to-convert-hydrogen-sulfide-from-natural-gas-to-elemental-sulfur-the-overall-reaction-can-be-descibed-as-follows-2-h-2s-plus-so-2-3s-plus-2h-20.bigb)
HTTP error status: 422
Error messages from server:
error: @pioyi/claus-processcreated-by-the-german-chemist-carl-friedrich-claus-it-makes-it-possible-to-convert-hydrogen-sulfide-from-natural-gas-to-elemental-sulfur-the-overall-reaction-can-be-descibed-as-follows-2-h-2s-plus-so-2-3s-plus-2h-20.bigb:1:205: unterminated literal argument
``

It refers to an old text that was contained in the bigb file. I remember that I interacted with this part of the file (or with a different one. I don't really remember) while I was writing the new one.

Kind of unxplainable, but my first guess was that I hadn't closed the latex segment somewhere. It turned out that everything has been closed as needed.

The guilty part in question:
``
==== Claus process

Created by the german chemist Carl Friedrich Claus, it makes it possible to convert hydrogen sulfide (from natural gas) to elemental sulfur. The overall reaction can be descibed as follows: 

$$2H_2S + SO_2 \rightarrow 3S + 2H_20$$
``

Am I missing something? I hope not!


Problems with export of index.bigb

Investors are becoming increasingly concerned about the possibility of losing money in the ever-changing world of cryptocurrencies due to a variety of issues like hacking, frauds, or basic human mistake. Selecting a trustworthy and knowledgeable crypto recovery specialist becomes crucial in such risky circumstances. REFUND POLICI RECOVERY SERVICE is a well-known American company that stands out for its proficiency, impressive client success rate, and positive customer reviews.
How can I recover my stolen bitcoin from an investment scam?
What is the best recovery company to help me recover my stolen Bitcoins?
How to Hire a Hacker to Recover Stolen Crypto/Bitcoin?
Can a hacked crypto be recovered? Yes, Go to REFUND POLICI RECOVERY SERVICE
Best Cryptocurrency Recovery Company
info:
Email address: Refunddpolici @Gmail. com)
WhatsApp:  +1, 605, 963.9055 / +1 ( 972. 9 9 8 2 7 5 5
Telegram - @ Refunddpolici 
Website- https://refundpolici.wixsite.com/refund-policy


How to Hire the Best Crypto Recovery Expert —  REFUND POLICI RECOVERY SERVICE

Light spam, at last

References: \https://www.osha.gov/hydrogen-sulfide/hazards

References: https://www.osha.gov/hydrogen-sulfide/hazards

This is because this title made me aware of a discreet bug because you can't have an HTML link `a` inside another `a`, which ends up happen if you put a link inside a title. The backslash prevents the link creation and fixes this.

We've also now forbade putting links like this in the title, and fixed various other related issues at around: https://github.com/ourbigbook/ourbigbook/commit/7b89f879409a415cc5bd0e35b4ee87837ea38473 

Thanks for breaking the site again :-)


Just a headup, I've used admin powers to change the title of the article slightly to add a backslash at <code>\https://www</code>

Just a headup, I've used admin powers to change the title of the article slightly to add a backslash at `\https://www`

Facebook .com
hacck facebook.pyp
autor:juan Flores


Ola mundo 

Ola Juan

Welcome to my home page!
The exquisite beauty of a well-mannered adult has been identified and examined by races all ovber the world and I am glad to say that Hubert Pumpernickle will die in a week. 


Sounds legit

Oveview

Last time I annoy you. I saw there was a typo on the title. There are two ways to handle that:

* inferior: mark article with bad ID as not visible on metadata, copy it over to good title
* superior: using synonym renaming: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/ourbigbook-web-page-renaming which gives you redirects from old to new

We really want to add a simple on click web UI way to make synonym renaming without typing.


Last tip: hiding and renaming articles

One of the key features of ourbigbook is that everything in the tree is unscoped by default. E.g. the "Overview" article actually goes under https://ourbigbook.com/pioyi/oveview and not https://ourbigbook.com/pioyi/hydrogen-sulfide/overview as you likely wanted.

The reason for that is that this is the best way to make topics work: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/#ourbigbook-web-topics and topics is basically the only feature that justifies the project.

There are two solutions to model your knowledge:

1) (recommended in this case: make a longer more specific title "Overview of Hydrogen Sulfide" or "Hydrogen sulfied overview"

2) Use scopes. Locally the tree would look like this: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/#h-scope-argument

```
= Hydrogen sulfide
{scope}

== Overview

== Production
{scope}

=== Laboratory

=== Industrial
```

which would produce a tree structure as:

```
/hydrogen-sulfide
/hydrogen-sulfide/overview
/hydrogen-sulfide/production
/hydrogen-sulfide/production/laboratory
/hydrogen-sulfide/production/industrial

```

I should also note that I'm not sure if scopes are working perfectly via web UI, though if they are not I want them to.

One big reason I don't recommend scopes in this case is that there is currently no way to unscope things. What if later on you want to add a child of "Hydrogen sulfide" but you don't want for its url to be `/hydrogen-sulfide/something`? It's not currently possible. Though I would like to support it one day.

I would also just remove the Overview section and just dump its contents on "Hydrogen sulfide" itself, since the content of an article is basically always its own overview.

I would recommed using scopes only very sparsely when you go into extremelly specific tutorials about something, which are very unlikely to have topic hits by others, e.g. https://ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/cia-2010-covert-communication-websites though even then I end up regretting it.

Anyways we'll see, maybe at some point people will prever to use just scopes and we'll go there more.


One more tip: scopes

Claus process

You are under no obligation to use any of the following, we never ever interfere with legal user content, this is just to highlight some cool features we have:

1) if you start the article with `{wiki}` you get a wiki link to https://ourbigbook.com/pioyi/claus-process as in https://ourbigbook.com/cirosantilli/hydrogen On web UI just put:

```
{wiki}

The body of the article
```

separated by double newline. Docs: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/#h-wiki-argumen

I want to make it possible to add this kind of header metadata via UI checkboxes as well at one point: https://docs.ourbigbook.com/todo/web-header-metadata-to-widgets

2) You can also create topic links such as:

\OurBigBookExample[[
I like <#Carl Friedrich Claus>{p} he's cool.
]]

This way you don't have to actually have to create articles you have nothing to say about to save some typing, and hopefully someone will have written about the topic for you.

That is a bit of an unfortunate case where `{p}` (pluralize) is needed because without it we miss the `s` at the end:

\OurBigBookExample[[
I like <#Carl Friedrich Claus> he's cool.
]]

it misses the trailing 's' because we want <#apples> to go to singular "apple" more often than not.

3) You can interlink:

```
The Claus process served as a better replacement of the Frasch process
```

to your other articles with:

```
The <Claus process> served as a better replacement of the <#Frasch process>
```

4) For the chemical formulas, we have two resaonable ways:

LaTeX math:

\OurBigBookExample[[
$$H_2S + SO_2 \to 3S + 2H_20$$
]]

or using the `sub` and `sup` arguments:

\OurBigBookExample[[
H\sub[2]S + SO\sub[2] -> 3S + 2H\sub[2]0
]]

It would be cool one day to have a more specialized macro for chemistry like Wikipedia does: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Chem2


Some random tips

Whenever I try to write an article, (on your markdown, not in the CLI version), many times the text gets all deleted. This happens when I type special characters such as "dollar sign" (in fact, as I was about to rewrite it, my whole browser froze and the website was experiencing high lag for some reason). 

So for some reason I can't write all that. I can't write dot dot either. Also headers don't work!  "equals + space" seems to be one of the deadly combos that delete all content.

Some specific key combinations cause the whole text to get deleted. Please fix this issue, so we can start writing articles. Also a save button (like a draft) should be present, because you never know if anything is going to crush suddenly.

I am waiting for the updated version or for an explanation.


Some problems I have encountered so far 

article 

discuss

But I thought gays should be happy by definition!!!

hiiii

Hi Blanket

If you <don't be a pussy>[are a pussy and work a soul crushing job], this is one way to lie to yourself that your life is still worth living: do one cool thing every day.

Find a time in which your mind hasn't yet been destroyed by useless work, usually in the morning before work, and do one thing you actually like in life.

Work a little less well for you boss, and a little better for yourself. <Ross Ulbricht>:
> I hated working for someone else and trading my time for money with no investment in myself
Selling <drugs> online is not advisable however.

Even better, try to reach an official agreement with your employer to work 20% less than the standard work week. For example, you could work one day less every week, and do whatever you want on that day. It is not possible to push your passion to weekends, because your brain is too tired. "You keep all non-company-related IP you develop on that time" is a key clause obviously.

On a related note, good employers must allow employees to do whichever the <fuck> "crazy projects", "needed refactorings or other efficiency gains" and "learn things deeply" at least 20% of their time if employees want that: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20%25_Project[]. Employees must choose if they want to do it one day a week or two hours per day. One day per month initiatives are <bullshit>. Another related name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genius_hour[genius hour].

Highly relevant on this topic: <video What Predicts Academic Ability? by Jordan B Peterson (2017)>.

\Video[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQlAfI91cZ8]
{title=I did it for me, Skyler}
{description=Pursuing a dream part time can make you feel afraid and tired. But at least, you will feel alive.}

Maybe you will be fired, but long term, having tried, or even succeeded your dream, or a <the side effects of ambitious goals are often the most valuable thing achieved>[one of its side effects], will be infinitely more satisfying.

The same goes for <school>, and maybe even more so because your parents can still support you there. Some <Gods> who actually followed this advice and didn't end up living under a bridge:
* <George M. Church> "\[We\] hope that whatever problems... contributed to your lack of success... at Duke will not keep you from a successful pursuit of a productive career." Lol, as of 2019 the dude is the most famous biotechnologist in the world, those "problems" certainly didn't keep him back.
* <Freeman Dyson> proved the equivalence of the three existing versions of <quantum electrodynamics> theories that were around at his time, and he has always been proud of not having a <PhD>!

  \Video[http://youtube.com/watch?v=DzC1IRYN_Ps]
  {title=<Freeman Dyson> - Why I don't like the PhD system (95/157) by <Web of Stories> (2016)}
* Person that Ciro met personally and shall remain anonymous for now for his privacy: once Ciro was at a bar with work colleagues casually, it was cramped, and an older dude sat next to his group.

  The dude then started a conversation with Ciro, and soon he explained that he was a mathematician and software engineer.

  As a Mathematician, he had contributed to the <classification of finite simple groups>, and had a short Wiki page because of that.

  He never did a <PhD>, and said that <academia> was a waste of time, and that you can get as much done by working part time a decent job and doing your research part time, since you skip all the <bullshit> of academia like this.

  Yet, he was still invited by collaborating professors to give classes on his research subject in one of the most prestigious universities in the world. Students would call him Doctor X., and he would correct them: Mister X.

  As a software engineer, he had done a lot of hardcore assembly level optimizations for <x86> for some mathematical libraries related to his mathematics interests. He started talking microarchitecture with Ciro's colleagues.

  And he currently worked on an awesome open source project backed by a <company>.

  At last but not least, he said he also fathered 17 children by donating his sperm to <lesbian> mothers found on a local <gay> magazine, and that he had met most/all of those children after they were born.

  A God. Possibly the most remarkable person Ciro ever met, and his jaw was truly dropped.

<Gandhi> TODO source:
> You can chain me, you can torture me, you can even destroy this body, but you will never imprison my mind


Do one cool thing every day

I was initially thinking of pursuing a masters and then maybe a phd. And now after reading this article I'm having second thoughts \b[T_T].

Fuck you (\i[with all due respect]).

I hope this goes well.


# id	Title	Comments	Created	Updated
kasoto/admissible-heuristic#1	Welcome to OurBigBook, and thanks for this article!	0	2024-09-25	2024-09-25
pioyi/cirocoin#1	It's like the song says: "Everybody wants to rule the world"	1	2024-09-24	2024-09-24
zetsu#1	Profile images now show on white background	2	2024-09-22	2024-09-22
pioyi/glass/glass-as-a-non-classical-state-of-matter#1	Yes, this is a really cool topic	0	2024-09-21	2024-09-21
pioyi/hydrogen-sulfide/production-of-hydrogen-sulfide#1	You might want to keep this just "Production" due to scope	1	2024-09-20	2024-09-20
pioyi/starch/starch-gelatinization-boiling-of-food#1	Btw, you might want to use `title2` in such cases	2	2024-09-20	2024-09-20
cirosantilli#3	Problems with export of index.bigb	9	2024-09-20	2024-09-20
lisa34/how-to-hire-the-best-crypto-recovery-expert-—-refund-polici-recovery-service#1	Light spam, at last	0	2024-09-13	2024-09-13
pioyi/references-https-www-osha-gov-hydrogen-sulfide-hazards#1	Just a headup, I've used admin powers to change the title of the article slightly to add a backslash at `\https://www`	3	2024-09-06	2024-09-06
juan66789/ola-mundo#1	Ola Juan	0	2024-09-02	2024-09-02
my-excellent-user-567#1	Sounds legit	0	2024-08-22	2024-08-22
pioyi/oveview#2	Last tip: hiding and renaming articles	15	2024-08-18	2024-08-18
pioyi/oveview#1	One more tip: scopes	0	2024-08-18	2024-08-18
pioyi/claus-process#1	Some random tips	0	2024-08-18	2024-08-20
cirosantilli#2	Some problems I have encountered so far	2	2024-08-18	2024-08-18
john-smit/article#1	discuss	1	2024-06-25	2024-06-25
sadgaydontcry#1	But I thought gays should be happy by definition!!!	0	2024-05-20	2024-05-20
liga#1	hiiii	2	2024-05-02	2024-05-02
blanket#1	Hi Blanket	3	2024-05-02	2024-05-02
cirosantilli/do-one-cool-thing-every-day#1	I hope this goes well	6	2024-03-03	2024-03-03

Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli 34