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A **Torus action** refers to the action of a torus (typically a compact, connected Lie group isomorphic to the product of several circles, denoted as \(T^n\), where \(n\) is the number of circles) on some space, often a manifold. This concept arises in various areas of mathematics, including differential geometry, algebraic geometry, and symplectic geometry.

The Verschiebung operator, also known as the shift operator, is a mathematical operator used in various fields, including quantum mechanics and functional analysis. The term "Verschiebung" is German for "shift," and the operator is typically denoted by \( S \). In the context of quantum mechanics, for example, the shift operator can shift states in a Hilbert space.

Cubic irrational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as the root of a cubic polynomial with rational coefficients, and they are not expressible as a fraction of two integers.

A Salem number is a type of algebraic integer that is defined as a root of a polynomial with integer coefficients, where the polynomial has a degree of at least 2, and at least one of its roots lies outside the unit circle in the complex plane. Specifically, a Salem number is a real number greater than 1, and all of its other Galois conjugates (roots) are located inside or on the unit circle.

Ordered algebraic structures are mathematical structures that combine the properties of algebraic operations with a notion of order. These structures help to study and characterize the relationships between elements not just through algebraic operations, but also through the relationships denoted by comparisons (like "less than" or "greater than").

There are many fictional characters across various media who can teleport. Here are some notable examples: 1. **Nightcrawler (Kurt Wagner)** - A mutant from Marvel Comics, Nightcrawler has the ability to teleport short distances, often leaving behind a cloud of smoke. 2. **Blink (Clarice Ferguson)** - Another mutant from Marvel Comics, she can create teleportation portals and has been a member of various superhero teams.

Anke Kracke is not widely known as a notable figure in popular culture, history, or academia based on my training data up to October 2023. It is possible that she is a professional in a specific field or a lesser-known individual.

August Seebeck (1770-1831) was a German physicist best known for his discovery of the thermoelectric effect, which is the generation of an electromotive force (voltage) in a conductor when there is a temperature difference between two points. This phenomenon later became known as the Seebeck effect, and it is foundational to the fields of thermoelectrics and power generation.

Carl Pulfrich was a German physicist known for his contributions to the fields of optics and visual perception. He is particularly recognized for the "Pulfrich effect," which is an optical phenomenon that demonstrates the ability of the human brain to perceive depth from differences in timing between the signals received by the eyes. This effect occurs when an object moves in a certain way relative to the observer, creating a depth perception that may not accurately represent the object's actual distance.

Daniel J. Bernstein is an American cryptographer, mathematician, and computer scientist known for his work in the fields of cryptography and computer security. He is a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago and has made significant contributions to various areas, including the development of cryptographic algorithms, security protocols, and the analysis of cryptographic systems. One of Bernstein's notable contributions is the development of the Salsa20 stream cipher and the Curve25519 elliptic curve used for cryptography.

Devitrification is the process by which a glassy or amorphous material transitions into a crystalline form. This phenomenon can occur in various materials, including glass and certain types of ceramics, when they are subjected to specific conditions such as temperature changes, prolonged exposure to heat, or aging. In the context of glass, devitrification can lead to the formation of crystals within the glass matrix, which adversely affects its optical properties, strength, and overall appearance.

Glass polling is a technique used primarily in the field of materials science, particularly in the study of glass and ceramics. It typically refers to the method of analyzing glass materials to determine their properties and behaviors. This can include measuring their mechanical strength, thermal properties, or other characteristics.

The strength of glass refers to its ability to withstand external forces without breaking or deforming. It is an important property of glass and can be characterized in several ways, including: 1. **Tensile Strength**: This is the maximum amount of tensile (pulling or stretching) stress that glass can withstand before failing. Glass typically has high compressive strength but relatively low tensile strength, making it more susceptible to breakage under tension.

Graph products are operations that combine two or more graphs to create a new graph, and these products can capture different structural relationships between the original graphs. There are several types of graph products, each with its own definition and properties.

Waring's prime number conjecture is an extension of Waring's problem, which originally deals with the representation of natural numbers as sums of a fixed number of powers of natural numbers. Specifically, Waring's problem states that for any natural number \( k \), there exists a minimum integer \( g(k) \) such that every natural number can be expressed as the sum of at most \( g(k) \) \( k \)-th powers of natural numbers.

The Mumford–Tate group is a concept from algebraic geometry and number theory that arises in the study of abelian varieties and the associated Hodge structures. It is named after mathematicians David Mumford and John Tate. In the context of algebraic geometry, an abelian variety is a projective algebraic variety that has a group structure.

A Perron number is a specific type of algebraic integer that is a root of a polynomial with integer coefficients and has certain distinct properties. Specifically, a Perron number is defined as an algebraic integer \(\alpha\) that is greater than 1 and satisfies the condition that: 1. The conjugates of \(\alpha\) (all the roots of its minimal polynomial) are all less than or equal to \(\alpha\).

A BF-algebra is a particular type of algebraic structure that arises in the study of functional analysis and operator theory, especially in the context of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces. The term "BF-algebra" is short for "bounded finite-dimensional algebra," and it can be understood in the context of specific properties of the algebras it describes.

Edward M. McCreight is not widely recognized in public discourse, and there may be multiple individuals with that name across different fields. If you are referring to a specific person—such as a scientist, author, or professional in a particular domain—please provide additional context so I can better assist you. Otherwise, there may be no notable public figure by that exact name in prominent categories.