A breaking wave refers to the point at which a wave, usually in an ocean or large body of water, becomes unstable and collapses or "breaks." This phenomenon occurs when the wave's height exceeds a certain limit typically influenced by factors such as water depth, wave energy, and wind conditions. Breaking waves are characterized by several distinct phases: 1. **Formation**: Waves are generated by wind blowing over the surface of the water. As they travel across the ocean, their energy increases.
Cnoidal waves are a type of wave solution that arises in the study of shallow water wave theory, particularly in the context of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. They describe periodic waveforms that are more complex than simple sinusoidal waves or solitons, exhibiting an undulating shape that can have distinct crests and troughs.
Cetyl palmitate is a waxy substance derived from the esterification of cetyl alcohol and palmitic acid. It is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emollient, thickening agent, and skin-conditioning agent. Its properties help to create a smooth texture in formulations, improve the spreadability of products, and enhance the moisturizing effects on the skin.
Chinese wax, often referred to as "Chinese wax scale," is a natural product derived from the secretions of certain scale insects, specifically those belonging to the genus **Ceroplastes**. The wax is produced by these insects as a protective covering for themselves, and it appears as a white or yellowish substance.
Cire Trudon is a French company renowned for its luxury candles and home fragrances. Founded in 1643, it is one of the oldest candle manufacturers in the world. The company has a rich history and has been associated with the French royal court, producing candles for Louis XIV and other notable figures throughout history. Cire Trudon candles are known for their high-quality ingredients, which often include a blend of natural waxes and fragrances sourced from around the globe.
Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the skin of the ear canal. Its primary functions include: 1. **Protection**: Earwax helps protect the ear canal from dust, debris, and microorganisms, thereby reducing the risk of infections. 2. **Lubrication**: It acts as a lubricant, preventing the skin of the ear canal from becoming dry and itchy.
Emulsifying wax is a substance used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations to help stabilize and thicken emulsions. Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, typically oil and water, which do not naturally mix. Emulsifying wax acts as a surfactant, reducing the surface tension between the two phases, enabling them to blend together more effectively.
Grafting wax is a specialized material used in horticulture and agriculture to protect grafted plants. It is typically a blend of natural and synthetic substances that helps seal the cut surfaces of a graft, preventing moisture loss, protecting against pests and diseases, and creating an environment conducive to healing and growth. Here are some key points about grafting wax: 1. **Composition**: Grafting wax can be made from various materials, including beeswax, paraffin, and other waxes or resins.
Hair wax is a styling product used to shape and hold hair in place. It typically comes in a solid or semi-solid form and is made from a combination of natural and synthetic ingredients, including waxes (like beeswax or carnauba wax), oils, and other polymers. Hair wax provides a strong hold with a flexible finish, allowing for re-styling without needing to wash it out. It’s particularly effective for creating textured looks, defining layers, and adding volume.
Hydrogenated jojoba oil is a processed form of jojoba oil, which itself is derived from the seeds of the jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis). Jojoba oil is liquid wax and is known for its moisturizing properties and similarity to human sebum, making it popular in cosmetics and skincare products. The hydrogenation process involves adding hydrogen to the oil, resulting in a more stable and solidified product.
Jojoba is a plant native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, scientifically known as **Simmondsia chinensis**. It is best known for its seeds, which produce a liquid wax that is commonly referred to as jojoba oil. This oil is highly valued in cosmetics and personal care products due to its moisturizing properties, stability, and similarity to human sebum, making it effective for skin and hair care.
Jojoba ester is a derivative of jojoba oil, which is extracted from the seeds of the jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis). Jojoba oil itself is a liquid wax ester rather than a true oil, and it closely resembles the human sebum, making it a popular ingredient in cosmetics and skincare products. Jojoba esters are created through esterification, where the fatty acids in jojoba oil are combined with fatty alcohols.
Lanolin is a natural, waxy substance obtained from the wool of sheep. It is a complex mixture of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, and esters, and it serves as a protective barrier for the sheep's wool, helping to keep it waterproof and lubricated. In cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, lanolin is valued for its emollient properties, making it effective in moisturizers, lip balms, creams, and ointments.
Equatorial waves are oceanic or atmospheric waves that occur in the equatorial regions of the Earth. These waves are characterized by their unique dynamics and properties influenced by the Earth's rotation, the Coriolis force, and the stratification of the atmosphere or ocean. The most notable types of equatorial waves include: 1. **Equatorial Kelvin Waves**: These are eastward-propagating waves influenced by the Coriolis effect and are characterized by their dispersion relation.
"Following sea" refers to a sailing or nautical term that describes a situation where the wind and waves are coming from behind a vessel, pushing it forward. This condition can be advantageous for sailing, as it allows for smoother and often faster passage. However, it can also pose certain risks, such as the potential for the vessel to become uncontrollable or to pitch forward excessively if the waves are particularly large.
Green's Law is not a commonly recognized term in scientific literature and might refer to different concepts depending on the context. However, it could refer to several potential areas: 1. **Green's Theorem**: In vector calculus, Green's Theorem relates a double integral over a region in the plane to a line integral around the region's boundary.
The Keulegan–Carpenter number (often abbreviated as KC number) is a dimensionless parameter used in fluid dynamics and wave mechanics to characterize the oscillatory motion of structures and bodies placed in oscillating fluid flows, such as those caused by waves or tides. It helps in understanding the interaction between the fluid motion and the body immersed in it.
There are several types of waves in various fields named after people. Here is a list of some notable ones: 1. **S波 (S-wave)**: Named after the German physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (Kelvin waves) 2. **P波 (P-wave)**: Named after the German physicist August Kundt 3. **Rayleigh wave**: Named after Lord Rayleigh, a British scientist 4.
A megatsunami is a large and extremely destructive tidal wave that is generated by a massive displacement of water, often as a result of geological events such as volcanic eruptions, landslides, or underwater earthquakes. Unlike typical tsunamis, which are usually caused by seismic activity and can travel across entire ocean basins, megatsunamis involve much larger volumes of water being displaced in a very short time frame, leading to waves that can reach extraordinary heights—sometimes hundreds of meters.
A meteotsunami is a series of ocean waves that are generated by meteorological phenomena, rather than by seismic activity, such as earthquakes. These waves are typically caused by rapid changes in atmospheric pressure or strong winds over a body of water, which can create disturbances in the water surface. Meteotsunamis are often characterized by their short wave periods, typically ranging from a few minutes to an hour.