A fog bow is a type of optical phenomenon that occurs in foggy conditions, similar to a rainbow but typically fainter and less colorful. It is created when light interacts with tiny water droplets suspended in the air. Unlike rainbows, which are formed by larger raindrops, fog bows form from much smaller droplets that scatter light in a way that creates a whitish or pale arc rather than the vibrant colors seen in rainbows.
Polar night refers to a phenomenon that occurs in polar regions, where the sun does not rise above the horizon for an extended period, typically occurring during the winter months. This period of complete darkness can last for several weeks to several months, depending on the latitude. In places located above the Arctic Circle (66.5° N latitude) in the Northern Hemisphere or below the Antarctic Circle (66.
The Raether limit is a concept in the field of high-energy particle physics and astrophysics, particularly in relation to the behavior of massive air showers generated by cosmic rays. It describes a threshold for the production of secondary particles when a high-energy primary particle, such as a cosmic ray proton, interacts with nuclei in the Earth's atmosphere.
Upper-atmospheric lightning refers to unusual electrical discharges occurring high in the Earth's atmosphere, typically above the conventional thunderstorm clouds. These phenomena include various types of high-altitude lightning, such as: 1. **Sprites**: These are large-scale electrical discharges that occur above thunderstorm clouds, typically at altitudes between 30 and 90 kilometers (18 to 56 miles).
Hans Joachim Specht is not widely recognized as a prominent figure in mainstream subjects, so information about him may not be readily available. If you are referring to a specific Hans Joachim Specht, additional context would be helpful to provide a more accurate response. Otherwise, it’s possible that he may be an individual in a niche field or context not widely documented.
Hans Wolter can refer to multiple entities, depending on the context. One notable figure is Hans Wolter, a German mathematician known for his work in various areas of mathematics, particularly in topology and functional analysis.
Extremal principles in non-equilibrium thermodynamics refer to certain fundamental postulates or criteria that dictate the behavior of physical systems away from equilibrium. These principles are extensions or analogs to more commonly known extremal principles in equilibrium thermodynamics, like the minimization of free energy. In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, the principles often relate to the maximization or minimization of certain quantities, such as entropy production, dissipation, or certain functionals related to thermodynamic potentials.
Greigite is a mineral with the chemical formula Fe3S4, which indicates that it is a type of iron sulfide. It is a rare mineral and is often associated with other iron sulfides such as pyrite (FeS2) and marcasite. Greigite has a distinctive black or dark gray color and typically occurs in sedimentary environments, often found in association with organic matter.
Ferroelectricity is a property of certain materials that exhibit a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reoriented by an external electric field. This means that, unlike ordinary dielectric materials that only polarize in response to an applied electric field, ferroelectric materials can maintain a permanent electric polarization even when the external field is removed.
As of my last update in October 2023, "George Roger Sell" does not appear to reference a widely recognized individual, concept, or topic. It's possible that this name could refer to a private individual or a less publicized figure, or it may be a misspelling or variation of a more commonly known name.
As of my last update, the following list highlights countries that are known to have notable thorium resources. Thorium is a radioactive metal considered for use in nuclear reactors and other applications due to its abundance and potential advantages over uranium. The countries with the largest thorium reserves typically include: 1. **India**: Home to one of the largest thorium reserves in the world, primarily in the form of thorium-bearing minerals like monazite.
The Megatons to Megawatts Program was a key non-proliferation initiative established in the mid-1990s to reduce the threat of nuclear weapons by converting weapons-grade uranium into fuel for civilian nuclear reactors. The program was a collaborative effort primarily between the United States and Russia, aimed at addressing the surplus of highly enriched uranium (HEU) that had resulted from the Cold War.
A neutron moderator is a material used in nuclear reactors to slow down fast neutrons produced during nuclear fission. The moderation process is crucial because slow (thermal) neutrons are more likely to induce fission when they collide with fissile materials, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239. The effectiveness of a neutron moderator is primarily determined by its ability to interact with neutrons and reduce their kinetic energy through elastic scattering.
Computer Go refers to the development and play of computer programs that are capable of playing the board game Go, a strategy game that originated in China more than 2,500 years ago. Go is known for its complex gameplay and deep strategic elements, making it a challenging task for artificial intelligence. Historically, computer Go programs struggled against human players due to the game's vast search space and the difficulty in evaluating positions.
Chung-Hsuan Winston Chen might refer to a specific individual, likely noted for achievements in a particular field, but without additional context, it's difficult to provide a specific answer. There may be multiple people with that name in academia, business, or other areas. If you're looking for information on a specific person or their contributions, providing more details or context could help narrow it down.
Clayton Williams could refer to a few different subjects depending on the context. One prominent reference is to **Clayton Williams Jr.**, an American businessman and politician known for his run as the Republican candidate for governor of Texas in 1990. He is also recognized for being the founder of Clayton Williams Energy, a significant player in the oil and gas industry.
Daniel S. Koltun is a researcher and professor known for his work in computer science, particularly in areas such as artificial intelligence, computer vision, and machine learning. His research often involves the development of algorithms and models that learn from data, with applications in various fields.
Daniel Weihs is an academic known for his work in the fields of applied mathematics and engineering. He has contributed to various topics including fluid dynamics, biomechanics, and the mathematical modeling of biological systems.