Extensional context is a term often used in the fields of logic, philosophy, and linguistics to refer to a context in which the meanings of terms are determined by the objects or entities they refer to, rather than their inherent properties or the way they are described. In extensional contexts, the focus is on the actual instances or real-world entities rather than on the properties, qualities, or relations associated with those entities. For example, consider the statement "All cats are mammals.
Phonocentrism is a philosophical and linguistic concept that prioritizes spoken language over written language. The term arises from the critique of the traditional Western metaphysical idea that speech is the primary and most authentic form of communication. This view tends to value the immediacy and perceived authenticity of oral communication over the more mediated and artificial nature of written language. The concept has been notably discussed by philosopher Jacques Derrida, particularly in his deconstruction of language and meaning.
The 1950s marked a significant period in the development of computers. It was a decade characterized by the transition from vacuum tube-based systems to transistor technology, which laid the foundation for modern computing. Here are some key highlights of 1950s computers: 1. **Early Mainframes**: This decade saw the rise of mainframe computers designed for scientific and business applications.
Robert P. Lipton is a notable figure in the fields of mathematics and computer science, particularly known for his contributions to numerical analysis, computational science, and applied mathematics. He has worked on various topics, including the development of algorithms and methodologies for solving complex problems in these domains. Additionally, he has been involved in academic research, teaching, and has published numerous papers related to his areas of expertise.
Bispinor is a term commonly associated with a class of quantum field theories, specifically in the context of theoretical physics and mathematics. In this context, bispinors refer to mathematical entities that can represent fermions (particles like electrons and quarks) in relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Bispinors are constructed using the properties of the Dirac equation, which describes the behavior of spin-½ particles.
The term "universal property" is used in various contexts within mathematics, particularly in category theory and algebra. A universal property describes a property of a mathematical object that is characterized by its relationships with other objects in a way that is especially "universal" or general. ### In Category Theory In category theory, a universal property typically describes a construction that is unique up to isomorphism. This often involves the definition of an object in terms of its relationships to other objects.