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Herrick L. Johnston does not appear to be a widely recognized figure in public discourse, literature, science, or other notable fields up to my last knowledge update in October 2023. It's possible that this person could be a private individual, a figure in a specific niche, or someone who has gained recognition after that point.

"North American physicists" broadly refers to physicists who are based in or are citizens of countries in North America, primarily the United States, Canada, and Mexico. These scientists engage in research and education in various fields of physics, including but not limited to, condensed matter physics, particle physics, astrophysics, and applied physics. North American physicists often work in academic institutions, research laboratories, and industry, contributing to advancements in scientific knowledge, technology, and education.

Plasma technology refers to the utilization of plasma, one of the four fundamental states of matter—along with solid, liquid, and gas—characterized by a collection of charged particles, including ions and electrons. Plasma is often referred to as the "fourth state of matter" and is created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field to the point where some of the electrons break free from their atoms, resulting in a mixture of charged particles and neutral atoms.

Plasma types refer to the different classifications or states of plasma, which is one of the four fundamental states of matter, alongside solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma is formed when a gas is energized to the point that ionization occurs, meaning that electrons are stripped from atoms, resulting in a collection of charged particles: ions and free electrons. This gives plasma unique properties, including electrical conductivity, responsiveness to magnetic fields, and the ability to emit light.

Onion routing is a technique used for anonymous communication over a computer network. It is designed to enhance privacy and security by obscuring the origins and destinations of data packets. Here's how it works: 1. **Layered Encryption**: The name "onion routing" comes from the method in which data is encrypted in layers, similar to the layers of an onion. Each layer of encryption is meant to hide the data and the identity of the sender.

Hiroshi Yamada could refer to different individuals depending on the context, as it is a fairly common name in Japan. One of the notable Hiroshi Yamadas was a Japanese composer known for his contributions to genres such as film music and television soundtracks. Another well-known figure might be involved in academia, business, or sports. If you provide more context or specify the field you are interested in (e.g., music, sports, academia, etc.

Ho-Young Kim could refer to multiple individuals, as it is a relatively common name, particularly in South Korea. Without more specific context, it's difficult to pinpoint exactly which Ho-Young Kim you are referring to. For instance, Ho-Young Kim might be a notable figure in various fields such as academia, sports, or the arts.

Biophysicists are scientists who apply the principles and techniques of physics to understand biological systems and processes. They study the physical properties of biological molecules, cells, and organisms, investigating phenomena such as molecular interactions, protein folding, and the mechanics of cellular structures. Biophysics as a field bridges biology and physics, often utilizing methods such as spectroscopy, imaging, and computational modeling to explore the complexities of life at a molecular and cellular level.

Horia Hulubei was a notable Romanian physicist known for his contributions to the fields of nuclear physics and atomic research. Born on November 11, 1896, in Romania, he played a significant role in the development of scientific research in the country, particularly during the mid-20th century. He is perhaps best known for his work in the establishment of the "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering in Romania.

Chemical physicists are scientists who specialize in the interdisciplinary field that combines principles of chemistry and physics to study the physical properties and behavior of chemical systems. They utilize theories and methods from both disciplines to investigate phenomena such as molecular interactions, reaction dynamics, thermodynamics, and material properties at the atomic and molecular levels.

"Howard Katz" can refer to a few different things depending on the context. One notable reference is to the fictional character from the graphic novel "Howard the Duck," created by writer Steve Gerber and artist Val Mayerik. However, if you are referring to a specific person, Howard Katz might also be a name associated with various individuals in academia, business, or other fields.

Cosmic ray physicists are scientists who study cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles originating from outer space that travel through the Earth's atmosphere and can reach the surface. These particles mainly consist of protons, atomic nuclei, and, to a lesser extent, electrons and positrons. Cosmic rays can originate from various astrophysical phenomena, including supernovae, active galactic nuclei, and other high-energy astrophysical events.

Crystallographers are scientists who study the arrangement of atoms within crystalline solids. Their work involves analyzing the structure of crystals to understand their physical and chemical properties. This field of study, known as crystallography, often utilizes techniques such as X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and electron diffraction to determine how atoms are organized in a crystal lattice. Crystallographers play a crucial role in various applications, including materials science, chemistry, biology, and solid-state physics.

Experimental physicists are scientists who investigate physical phenomena by conducting experiments to gather data and test theoretical predictions. Their work often involves designing and building experimental setups, using sophisticated instruments, and analyzing data to understand the fundamental principles of nature. The main roles of experimental physicists include: 1. **Designing Experiments**: They create experimental protocols to test specific hypotheses or explore new phenomena.

"Lists of physicists by field" typically refers to organized compilations of physicists categorized according to their specific areas of expertise or research within the broad field of physics. These lists can be useful for educational purposes, historical research, or simply to recognize notable contributions made by physicists in various subfields. Some common categories or fields within physics that such lists might include are: 1. **Theoretical Physics** - Physicists who primarily focus on developing theories and models to explain physical phenomena.

Howard Kent Birnbaum is an American businessman and entrepreneur known for his works in various industries, including finance and technology. However, without more specific context, it's difficult to determine the exact individual or accomplishments you are referring to, as names can belong to multiple people and may arise in different fields.

Hugh G. Robinson may refer to an individual with varying significance in different contexts, but without additional context, it's challenging to provide a specific answer. If you're looking for information about a particular Hugh G.

Nuclear physicists are scientists who specialize in the study of atomic nuclei, their interactions, and the fundamental forces that govern them. This field of study falls under the broader discipline of physics, specifically focused on understanding the components, structure, behavior, and properties of atomic nuclei. Key areas of interest for nuclear physicists include: 1. **Nuclear Structure**: Investigating the arrangement of protons and neutrons within the nucleus and how this arrangement affects nuclear stability and reactions.

Opticians are professionals who specialize in eyewear and the fitting of lenses for vision correction. Their primary role involves interpreting prescriptions provided by optometrists or ophthalmologists and then designing, fitting, and dispensing eyeglasses and contact lenses. They may assist customers in selecting frames and lenses that suit their needs and preferences, taking into account factors like style, comfort, and optical requirements.